大家好,今天小编来为大家解答以下的问题,关于sk567cn和平精英,如何练好硬笔书法这个很多人还不知道,现在让我们一起来看看吧!
本文目录
硬笔书法是以各种硬笔为工具书写汉字的艺术。它要讲究执笔法和运笔法;笔画的方圆和结构的疏密;同时,还要讲究间架、行次和章法,即字与字、行与行之间的适当的连贯与合理的布局。
书写工具
硬笔书法的工具包括笔、墨、纸等,如何选择使用书写工具,对于练习和创作书法作品有着接的影响。
一、笔
硬笔的品种很多,除了市场出售的钢笔、铁笔、蘸水笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、图管笔、尼龙芯笔、粉笔等等以外,还有改制的钢笔、藻水笔,以及自制的木片笔、竹片笔、鹅毛管笔等等。这些笔的一个共同特点是坚固耐用。现就几种常用的硬笔的特点和选择介绍如下。
1、钢笔
钢笔是现代的主要硬笔书写工具之一。我国使用钢笔的历史虽然不长,但已具有较高的水平。在国产钢笔中,知名度较高的有英雄、金星、永生等型号,各种型号又分不同的等级。
钢笔在质地上分为金笔和铱金笔;在笔尖造型上分开头式和包头式。开头式笔尖开合度大,因而弹性大;包头式笔尖开合度较小,弹性也小。笔尖弹性的大小,对书法字形的变化有一定的影响。质地好的钢笔,其笔尖通常含有一定数量的黄金,因此具有耐磨、弹性好等优点,在使用时,无论笔尖的哪一面接触纸面都能书写流利,出水顺畅,并富有弹性。但是,金笔(譬如英雄100#、50#)的造价较高,一般经济条件者,可用普通的铱金笔。
钢笔除了对笔尖的要求外,对于笔杆也有一定的要求。一是在选购新笔时,最好选择笔杆较粗的品种。这样,在书写时执笔舒适,长时间书写也不觉手累。二是笔杆以胶木或塑料质地为好,以防书写时蓄汗。金属笔杆虽结实,但易蓄汗,因而造成执著不适。
2、铅笔
铅笔是一种用石墨或加颜料的粘土做笔芯的硬笔。它的使用较为普遍,字迹可长期保持不变,但易涂改。铅笔可分为普通型和特殊型两大类。普通型铅笔为灰黑色,铅笔芯分软、中、硬性三种:软性型号有2B、3B、4B、5B、6B五种,B前的数字越大,则笔芯越软;中性型号较常用的有HB一种,市场供应量也大;硬性型号有2H、3H、4H、5H、6H:五种,H前的数字越大,则笔芯越硬。
普通型铅笔可根据书写纸的质地以及所要表现的书法艺术效果加以选用,较硬的铅芯书写出的作品清瘦秀逸,挺拔有力,墨色较淡;较软的铅芯书写出的作品遒劲浑厚,雄伟刚健,墨色较浓。
特殊型铅笔的笔芯常见的有红、蓝,以及其他各种彩色铅笔。有的不仅可在各种纸张上书写,而且还可以在金属表面,陶瓷表面和玻璃表面上书写。这对于丰富铅笔书法的创作实践提供了更加广阔的领域。
3、圆珠笔
圆珠笔是一种用油墨书写的硬笔。笔芯里装有油墨,笔尖是一个耐磨的小钢珠(由此而得名)。使用时,钢珠转动,油墨由钢珠四周漏下,形成字迹,往往一支笔芯可用很长时间,且换芯也很方便,因此,受到许多人的青睐。
圆珠笔书写流利、快速,墨迹清晰秀丽、粗细均匀,色彩也很丰富,有红、蓝﹑黑多种。但因油墨易化,故墨色不能长期保存。另因笔尖是滚珠,书写滑动,不易控制速度,因此,不适于初学硬笔书法者使用。
4、自制木、竹片笔和鹅毛管笔
这三种蘸墨水书写的硬笔,在硬笔书法上占有重要的地位。这些笔制作简易,使用方便,作品可表现出粗细相间、刚柔相济的艺术特色,这些硬笔可用于书写各种书体,有无限的生命力。
二、墨
可供硬笔使用的墨的品种很多,分墨水和墨块两大类。墨水,除市场上供应的纯蓝、蓝黑色之外,还有许多彩色墨水,均可用于硬笔书法练习和创作。其中较好的是上海产的上海牌碳素墨水。
三、纸
目前市场上,可供硬笔书法用的纸,有光滑的道林纸、胶版纸;有粗糙的马粪纸、包装纸;有质地较粗、能吸水的元书纸、毛边纸、桑皮纸;还有我国最著名的熟宣纸等等。
不同质地的纸,对书写效果和形象表现有直接的影响,可以根据条件,在各种纸上,创造出不同风格的硬笔书法作品来。
学习方法
和其他学科一样,硬笔书法也具有一套符合自身客观规律的学习方法。对此,我们的前人已经作了大量的工作,为我们总结了学习硬笔书法的方法,设计了科学的程序。如能运用得当,就能收到事半功倍的效果。
读书以怡情
对于学习硬笔书法的人来说,首先应读一些书法理论方面的著作,以了解书法艺术的本质、要素、表现方法,以及欣赏标准。因为前人关于书法的论述,是根据他们的实践总结出来的,这些理论对于硬笔书法的学习和创作有着现实的指导意义。例如东汉蔡邕的《九势》、晋王羲之的《书论》、卫铄的《笔阵图》、唐孙过庭的《书谱》、张怀礶的《书断·序》、宋苏轼的《东坡题跋》、黄伯思的《论书》等。
临帖作入门
要想学好硬笔书法的用笔、结体和布局的方法,就必须临摹前人的法帖,从而叩开书法艺术之门。临帖成功了,就能够“入门”,再进一步,也就可以“升堂入室”了。如果舍此而去凭空创造,将会产生事倍功半的结果。因此,学习硬笔书法,必须从临帖入手。
临帖通常分两步:第一步是“对临”,第二步是“背临”。
对临,就是将范本置于案头,对照着字迹书写。对临时,要防止字形结构松散,点画不能呼应的现象。正确的方法是先弄清一个字的间架结构,然后再动笔写,即看一个字,写一个字,切不可看一笔写一笔。在对临达到一定的熟练程度之后,即可进行“背临”。
所谓背临,就是把字帖收起来﹐凭记忆进行默写。背临,一般有两种方法:一种是把帖中的所有内容全部对临完,并背下全文,然后从头至尾默写出来;另一种是随对临随默写,即对临成熟多少字(页),就默写多少字(页)。这两种方法都可采用,后一种方法较易施行。同时,也可将两种方法结合起来使用,即先局部默写,尔后全部默写,再和原帖对比,如发现某些点画或间架结构与原帖不一样时,要改正重写。
临帖,要求先“入帖”,然后“出帖”。“入”,就是把所临的原帖书法真正学到手,达到神形兼备;“出”,就是从原帖中摆脱出来,创立自己的独特书风。对于一个书法学习者来说,“入帖”不是目的,而是掌握书法艺术的必要途径,“出”,才是目的。但是,没有“入”,就谈不上“出”。因此,在未真正掌握所临之帖的笔法、结体、章法和精神实质,做到神形毕肖之前,决不可见异思迁,随便更换字帖;也不可贪多求全,多管齐下,同时临几种帖,否则会一无所获。
楷书为基础
学书为什么要以楷书为基础呢?主要是楷书法度严谨,点画精到,笔法俱全的缘故。书法主要是运笔作书的方法。古人谓楷书有“永”字八法,其实楷书笔法,不仅仅是点﹑横、竖、撇、捺、钩、挑、折八法,而且还有许多变化。例如点有平点、直点、长点之分;横有长、短、俯、仰之别;撇有直、曲、长、短之变等等。所以,以楷书为基础,可以熟悉掌握各种笔法。
运笔之法既熟,就可方、圆任意,使转随心,然后再上习篆、隶,下学行、草,自可纵横驰骋,无往不适。楷书学好了,如强其中正、匀称的程度,就能学好篆隶,如强其连贯、参差、飞动的笔势,就能够学好行草。
笔法需精研
书法的精妙之处即在于笔法。要想使硬笔书法在线条上、点画上,具有抑扬顿挫、刚柔曲直等变化,产生艺术魅力,就必须精心研究硬笔书法的笔法。下面着重谈谈掌握笔法的五个阶段。
前人在论笔势时提出五点要求:“一遍正其手脚;二遍须学形势;三遍须令似本;四遍加以遒润;五遍每加抽拔,使不生涩。”这也是掌握笔法必须经过的五个阶段。
1、“一遍正其手脚”就是说,学习笔法之初,首先要注意不同书体组成字的点、横、竖、撇、捺、钩、挑、折等基本点画的形态特征,把各种基本点画练好。只有把这些字的“手”和“脚”写好了,才能为掌握某种书体打下基础。
2、“二遍须学形势”就是在正其手脚的基础上,必须进一步观察临写整个字的形体和姿态。
3、“三遍须令似本”就是将自己的作品和所学的书体范本作严格比较,对照检查,务求相似。
4、“四遍加以道润”就是要求运笔作字,要以骨为主,筋骨并重,讲究笔画的劲健有力,体态丰润,以使字形具有肌肤之丽。
5、“五遍每加抽拔,使不生涩”就是在用笔上,须力聚笔端,振臂抽尖,以求挺拔,使笔姿生动活泼。
创作是关键
“摹仿”不是艺术。即使某帖写得再好,学成之后最多不过是个某体的学习者而已,却难以确立自家的地位。创作就是取他人之长,融合自己的思想、感情和对自然的认识,统一自己的字型,形成自己的风格、气韵、神采、意境。通过创作而逐步形成自己的字,达到既有名家古镜之妙,又有自家的发挥与创造,这样的书家才是有作为的。
勤奋得成功
“千里之行始于足下。”如果我们学习硬笔书法的时候,认真地珍视每一分钟,每一步,日积月累,最终必能达到前进的目标,取得成功。
书写姿势
诸多的硬笔工具,唯有粉笔取立势在黑板上书写,其余各种硬笔均应取坐势书写。硬笔书写的基本坐势是“头正、身直、臂开、足安”八个字。
1、“头正”就是头要端正,稍微前倾。这样,可保持视线平正,能够看清落笔着点,使笔迹准确无误地随心使转。切忌把头低伏在桌子上,也不要向左右偏斜,以免损伤视力。“头正”还可消除字形重心不稳定等弊端。
2、“身直”就是人体躯干部分要保持正直、两肩齐平、腰部挺起的姿势,做到身直气正。避免弯腰,胸部紧贴桌边,保证呼吸正常,行气顺畅。
3、“臂开”就是右手执笔,左手按纸,两臂自然分开,支撑成均衡之势。这样,写起字来就挥洒自如,横画易平,竖画易直,撇捺也易舒展。切忌右手执笔着纸,左手放在桌下和衣袋里。
4、“足安”就是要两腿自然分开;两脚自然放平、踏稳。不可两腿交叉叠起,也不可两脚交叉或脚尖踏起。这样坐在位子上,身体稳定,不摇不晃,写起字来就能把握得当,重心稳妥。
执笔方法
各种硬笔笔尖的共同特点是坚硬,弹性小,通常在使用钢笔,铁笔,铅笔,蘸水笔,圆珠笔,尼龙芯笔,木、竹片(枝)笔和鹅毛管时,执笔方法相同。就是用大拇指前端、食指前端、中指第一关节处共同握住笔管(杆)下端,无名指和小拇指自然并拢在中指下面助力,笔杆中上端依于食指末关节处。即所谓的三指执笔法。
执笔高度,一般在笔尖向上2.5~3厘米处。也可根据所书写的书体来定,通常写行书和草书时,执笔要略高一些,以便流动和使转。用木片笔、竹片(枝)笔执笔高度也要适当高一些,因为用这两种笔书写,点画的变化要相对大一些,以适应运笔的需要;用鹅毛管笔时因笔杆较细,所以要执得低一些,以便受力。
笔杆的倾斜程度,即笔杆与纸面的夹角,通常在35~60°之间。对于经过改进的钢笔、蘸水笔,自制的木片笔、竹片(枝)笔以及鹅毛管笔,在书写时,为了取得跌宕多姿、富有变化的艺术效果,笔杆的倾斜幅度可以大一些,一般在15~85°之间。
执笔的松紧程度,主要由所书写的书体来决定。通常写楷书、隶书、篆书等书体时要偏紧一些,这样写出的笔画挺拔有力;在写行书、草书时可松一些,这样可使笔画飘逸灵活。
粉笔的执笔方法和其他硬笔不同,是以大拇指尖、食指尖和中指尖采用钳夹粉笔的方法,其余两指自然助力。执笔高度可视粉笔的长短作自然调节;书写时,粉笔与黑板的夹角通常在45°左右。且执得较紧,否则笔迹太轻,使人不易看清。硬笔使用方便,执笔方法简单。
各种硬笔的执著高低、松紧,笔杆倾斜角度的大小,运笔的速度与力度对硬笔书法的效果均有一定影响,需要在实践中不断摸索、体会,才能掌握。
运腕和运笔
写硬笔字和写毛笔字一样,也有一个运腕和运笔的问题。通常手腕的任务是“运”,手指的任务主要是“执”。
运腕
运腕的方法,要在掌握了执笔要领的基础上才能运用。它的具体动作很简单,就是手掌根部随着笔画的需要作左右、上下摆动,即腕部随着运笔的提按顿挫,轻重缓疾所作的左右两侧或前后方向的摆动。摆动的幅度随所写字的大小而定:字越大,摆动幅度越大;字越小,摆动幅度也越小。
写硬笔字与写毛笔字相比,运腕的幅度要小一些,甚至有时不太明显,但是,实际上在写硬笔字时,一起一落,一往一复,每一点画的完成,提按顿挫,轻重缓疾的用笔变化,都有运腕的动作。在作硬笔书法时,运腕与不运腕(有的人只是运指),对所写出的笔画,有很大影响,对整个作品,还会有生动活泼与呆滞平板之别。因此,对运腕问题,不能忽视。
运笔
所谓运笔,就是如何使硬笔尖在书写点画时进行运动,或者说怎样使用硬笔尖写出完美的点画。它包括“落笔”(起笔、下笔)、“行笔”和“收笔”三个部分。
落笔的基本方法是“横画直落笔,竖画横落笔”。即写横画要直下笔锋(写一短的直线或斜线开始),写竖画要横入笔锋(写一短的横线或斜线开始)。落笔方法还可以叫做“欲横先竖”“欲竖先横”。这样落笔可使笔画有起伏,构成的字具有生气。在落笔中又有“藏锋”“露锋”两种。
所谓藏锋,就是在落笔时用逆锋取势的方法,如落笔中欲右先左,欲左先右或欲下先上等。硬笔的藏锋和毛笔的藏锋所不同的是:大部藏锋是表现于笔画之外的空势,不在字迹上显露。
露锋,就是斜落笔,笔锋入纸时,其锋外露。露锋是硬笔书法的主要运笔方法。
行笔的基本方法是:落笔后沿笔画所指方向,通过腕的运动,使笔锋有提有按、有轻有重地移动。要求做到:意在笔前,令笔尖常在点画中行。
收笔的主要方法是:“有往必收,无垂不缩。”也就是说,书写点画要有去必有来,有来必有去;就是每一笔画写到末了的时候,要将笔锋顿住,回锋作收;或将笔锋轻轻提起,出锋作收。这样写成的笔画,来去分明,首尾相称,笔笔交代清楚;笔画形态就会圆满结实,浑厚有力。
在运笔中,落笔、行笔、收笔的过程都离不开“提”和“按”的运笔动作。使用硬笔“提按”与使用毛笔“提按”有所不同,毛笔的“提按”,是将笔锋入纸按入和提起以至离纸的动作。而硬笔的“提按”却是指运笔的轻重而言,一般说来,“提”用于行笔或收笔,力度较轻;“按”用于落笔或收笔,力度较重。
提按是运笔的基本动作,笔画的粗细变化、生动活泼也都是通过提按来表现的。因此,对于这一运笔动作在书写时必须给予充分的注意。
掌握了上述运腕和运笔的动作之后,用笔就能做到轻重缓急,提按变化,写出优美的文字来。
以上就是对如何练好硬笔书法问题的解答,希望能对您有所帮助!
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法是以各种硬笔为工具书写汉字的艺术。它要讲究执笔法和运笔法;笔画的方圆和结构的疏密;同时,还要讲究间架、行次和章法,即字与字、行与行之间的适当的连贯与合理的布局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VG6Eda4Wcoamk4x0wfQcHc5OnWs"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOa6dwGAEo4UIuxgQQwcwWpkneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法的工具包括笔、墨、纸等,如何选择使用书写工具,对于练习和创作书法作品有着接的影响。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AekKdWwCco2cyix23WYczEMLn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYggduguUoQciExMvBXcJJOmnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔的品种很多,除了市场出售的钢笔、铁笔、蘸水笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、图管笔、尼龙芯笔、粉笔等等以外,还有改制的钢笔、藻水笔,以及自制的木片笔、竹片笔、鹅毛管笔等等。这些笔的一个共同特点是坚固耐用。现就几种常用的硬笔的特点和选择介绍如下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JyW6dM06coseC4xOAS3cb1rznpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkQudE0i2omYA8xgSyoc0Shcnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔是现代的主要硬笔书写工具之一。我国使用钢笔的历史虽然不长,但已具有较高的水平。在国产钢笔中,知名度较高的有英雄、金星、永生等型号,各种型号又分不同的等级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sc8Od0uSwoIoS2xuyYic52rLnlc"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写工具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/497c34270d714bbd80381de00b34747c","width":750},"text":"","id":"RKy0diI2qoa2uixU5FccePOynXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔在质地上分为金笔和铱金笔;在笔尖造型上分开头式和包头式。开头式笔尖开合度大,因而弹性大;包头式笔尖开合度较小,弹性也小。笔尖弹性的大小,对书法字形的变化有一定的影响。质地好的钢笔,其笔尖通常含有一定数量的黄金,因此具有耐磨、弹性好等优点,在使用时,无论笔尖的哪一面接触纸面都能书写流利,出水顺畅,并富有弹性。但是,金笔(譬如英雄100#、50#)的造价较高,一般经济条件者,可用普通的铱金笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REsEdcGWaomU8ixoRVWczEULnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔除了对笔尖的要求外,对于笔杆也有一定的要求。一是在选购新笔时,最好选择笔杆较粗的品种。这样,在书写时执笔舒适,长时间书写也不觉手累。二是笔杆以胶木或塑料质地为好,以防书写时蓄汗。金属笔杆虽结实,但易蓄汗,因而造成执著不适。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Juukd66MAoyYIWxFrJ8cXMFYnJP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0gIdOMYmoIgmkxNZctcbqpeneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔是一种用石墨或加颜料的粘土做笔芯的硬笔。它的使用较为普遍,字迹可长期保持不变,但易涂改。铅笔可分为普通型和特殊型两大类。普通型铅笔为灰黑色,铅笔芯分软、中、硬性三种:软性型号有2B、3B、4B、5B、6B五种,B前的数字越大,则笔芯越软;中性型号较常用的有HB一种,市场供应量也大;硬性型号有2H、3H、4H、5H、6H:五种,H前的数字越大,则笔芯越硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQogds6mGoMQmOxUlKKc7HxEnce"},,"attrs":{"height":1000,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写工具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b848a16fbabf4932a88f3b14ce342220","width":1000},"text":"","id":"I0acdQeueo8GsaxUtQoc8ssSn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通型铅笔可根据书写纸的质地以及所要表现的书法艺术效果加以选用,较硬的铅芯书写出的作品清瘦秀逸,挺拔有力,墨色较淡;较软的铅芯书写出的作品遒劲浑厚,雄伟刚健,墨色较浓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4ygdQgaqoaOOgxUPnAcevPqnag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊型铅笔的笔芯常见的有红、蓝,以及其他各种彩色铅笔。有的不仅可在各种纸张上书写,而且还可以在金属表面,陶瓷表面和玻璃表面上书写。这对于丰富铅笔书法的创作实践提供了更加广阔的领域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEyd4O8MoEYk2x2rFDcBB10nAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、圆珠笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAYgdO4wYoC6ywxu8tlcmZOfnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆珠笔是一种用油墨书写的硬笔。笔芯里装有油墨,笔尖是一个耐磨的小钢珠(由此而得名)。使用时,钢珠转动,油墨由钢珠四周漏下,形成字迹,往往一支笔芯可用很长时间,且换芯也很方便,因此,受到许多人的青睐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YGIadkmMOoCOGkxOG0mcJXFPn2d"},,"attrs":{"height":1440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写工具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b35d5b10c9254eeaa311c0be567ae630","width":1920},"text":"","id":"FY6Ada46KousesxCc80cCmYlnUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆珠笔书写流利、快速,墨迹清晰秀丽、粗细均匀,色彩也很丰富,有红、蓝﹑黑多种。但因油墨易化,故墨色不能长期保存。另因笔尖是滚珠,书写滑动,不易控制速度,因此,","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不适于初学硬笔书法者使用","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REIudim8aooiIcxCnMPcNJm3n4m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、自制木、竹片笔和鹅毛管笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmCqd6kCYogCcSxEtkrccVpPnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这三种蘸墨水书写的硬笔,在硬笔书法上占有重要的地位。这些笔制作简易,使用方便,作品可表现出粗细相间、刚柔相济的艺术特色,这些硬笔可用于书写各种书体,有无限的生命力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwAadIkMaowKsuxIZkdcIf1tnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、墨","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EwCwdcYYQoy04UxEl0ycWLb5nQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可供硬笔使用的墨的品种很多,分墨水和墨块两大类。墨水,除市场上供应的纯蓝、蓝黑色之外,还有许多彩色墨水,均可用于硬笔书法练习和创作。其中较好的是上海产的上海牌碳素墨水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VAe0dcKyioec8IxUAORcXhj2nob"},,"attrs":{"height":993,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写工具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e11d329169b4a49b426205e03222860","width":1534},"text":"","id":"Y0m6d804EoCooyx29rmcdUnmnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuuodgIEooSog6xG2LlcdVyunud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前市场上,可供硬笔书法用的纸,有光滑的道林纸、胶版纸;有粗糙的马粪纸、包装纸;有质地较粗、能吸水的元书纸、毛边纸、桑皮纸;还有我国最著名的熟宣纸等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4owd2iMEoOGcoxUF6YcmnVEnqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同质地的纸,对书写效果和形象表现有直接的影响,可以根据条件,在各种纸上,创造出不同风格的硬笔书法作品来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T80Ods6G4oGmQCxW2LLc0Fbhngd"},,"attrs":{"height":1440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写工具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da9fce3f58df41c7a4589552612b46fb","width":1920},"text":"","id":"MMiwd4ieyo0EqqxUHhCcY4sUnAe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKSedugSiomWWSxGridcvuDyn6j"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和其他学科一样,硬笔书法也具有一套符合自身客观规律的学习方法。对此,我们的前人已经作了大量的工作,为我们总结了学习硬笔书法的方法,设计了科学的程序。如能运用得当,就能收到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nu8Ad6CyMom8KAxFRBBcY6gInu9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读书以怡情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQwedw0ecokG82xMffAcqN7inHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于学习硬笔书法的人来说,首先应读一些书法理论方面的著作,以了解书法艺术的本质、要素、表现方法,以及欣赏标准。因为前人关于书法的论述,是根据他们的实践总结出来的,这些理论对于硬笔书法的学习和创作有着现实的指导意义。例如东汉蔡邕的《九势》、晋王羲之的《书论》、卫铄的《笔阵图》、唐孙过庭的《书谱》、张怀礶的《书断·序》、宋苏轼的《东坡题跋》、黄伯思的《论书》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0KKd8aOwocykux6ABJcTDApn59"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"读书以怡情","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49c27e348475412c8a1aa1edc2a10635","width":783},"text":"","id":"HaecdoqMKociMoxc3XrcbCVWn5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临帖作","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"入","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CM2KdoaEuoEWQ2xOwZccEDwNnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要想学好硬笔书法的用笔、结体和布局的方法,就必须临摹前人的法帖,从而叩开书法艺术之门。临帖成功了,就能够“入门”,再进一步,也就可以“升堂入室”了。如果舍此而去凭空创造,将会产生事倍功半的结果。因此,","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学习硬笔书法,必须从临帖入手","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"To6Gdc0ucooOm4xFx9ncsp5xnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临帖通常分两步:第一步是“对临”,第二步是“背临”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X04kdAUaQowEYKxYNZ0cmShNnhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对临,就是将范本置于案头,对照着字迹书写。对临时,要防止字形结构松散,点画不能呼应的现象。正确的方法是先弄清一个字的间架结构,然后再动笔写,即看一个字,写一个字,切不可看一笔写一笔。在对临达到一定的熟练程度之后,即可进行“背临”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoyqdyIuaooKaYxcVXTc8atknVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓背临,就是把字帖收起来﹐凭记忆进行默写。背临,一般有两种方法:一种是把帖中的所有内容全部对临完,并背下全文,然后从头至尾默写出来;另一种是随对临随默写,即对临成熟多少字(页),就默写多少字(页)。这两种方法都可采用,后一种方法较易施行。同时,也可将两种方法结合起来使用,即先局部默写,尔后全部默写,再和原帖对比,如发现某些点画或间架结构与原帖不一样时,要改正重写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqeKdSA06ocKmIxodmfcy1WlnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"临帖,要求先“入帖”,然后“出帖”。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“入”,就是把所临的原帖书法真正学到手,达到神形兼备;“出”,就是从原帖中摆脱出来,创立自己的独特书风。对于一个书法学习者来说,“入帖”不是目的,而是掌握书法艺术的必要途径,“出”,才是目的。但是,没有“入”,就谈不上“出”。因此,在未真正掌握所临之帖的笔法、结体、章法和精神实质,做到神形毕肖之前,决不可见异思迁,随便更换字帖;也不可贪多求全,多管齐下,同时临几种帖,否则会一无所获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xa8Kd0KeOoIWYmxOAz2cuhfAnEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书为基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0WydGUmGoaQsKxygRHc8nwFnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学书为什么要以楷书为基础呢?主要是楷书法度严谨,点画精到,笔法俱全的缘故。书法主要是运笔作书的方法。古人谓楷书有“永”字八法,其实楷书笔法,不仅仅是点﹑横、竖、撇、捺、钩、挑、折八法,而且还有许多变化。例如点有平点、直点、长点之分;横有长、短、俯、仰之别;撇有直、曲、长、短之变等等。所以,以楷书为基础,可以熟悉掌握各种笔法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HaEWdEIOGoGaSqxea7mcCipSnhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔之法既熟,就可方、圆任意,使转随心,然后再上习篆、隶,下学行、草,自可纵横驰骋,无往不适。楷书学好了,如强其中正、匀称的程度,就能学好篆隶,如强其连贯、参差、飞动的笔势,就能够学好行草。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oq2cdUCgAo2MKixwTFrcFbF6nTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法需精研","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOW6dKcAsoMSiMxKIyscEvaynfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法的精妙之处即在于笔法。要想使硬笔书法在线条上、点画上,具有抑扬顿挫、刚柔曲直等变化,产生艺术魅力,就必须精心研究硬笔书法的笔法。下面着重谈谈掌握笔法的五个阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqKUdKeYWoMkYMx6cqPcyuWmnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人在论笔势时提出五点要求:“一遍正其手脚;二遍须学形势;三遍须令似本;四遍加以遒润;五遍每加抽拔,使不生涩。”这也是掌握笔法必须经过的五个阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKsQdUayKooO4KxK0b2cA5BQnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、“一遍正其手脚”就是说,学习笔法之初,首先要注意不同书体组成字的点、横、竖、撇、捺、钩、挑、折等基本点画的形态特征,把各种基本点画练好。只有把这些字的“手”和“脚”写好了,才能为掌握某种书体打下基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SO8QdOWAIoSWAaxOsvhccODknch"},,"attrs":{"height":535,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔法需精研","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3104edb95bc14642b7ef19f9f5e4ce57","width":1738},"text":"","id":"Ae2odC4WuoqgyIxo1fhcrzuPnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、“二遍须学形势”就是在正其手脚的基础上,必须进一步观察临写整个字的形体和姿态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EACGdWm2qogY0WxSEyZcmddKnnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、“三遍须令似本”就是将自己的作品和所学的书体范本作严格比较,对照检查,务求相似。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Weu8dqqGqoiYiYxIFzzcEF8Wnrg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、“四遍加以道润”就是要求运笔作字,要以骨为主,筋骨并重,讲究笔画的劲健有力,体态丰润,以使字形具有肌肤之丽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BAE8dO2AUoguUAxMFIMcHZGknLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、“五遍每加抽拔,使不生涩”就是在用笔上,须力聚笔端,振臂抽尖,以求挺拔,使笔姿生动活泼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OsAEdIE4EoaCoaxuWTdcXjdwnSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"创作是关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkIydokuEo0ikaxuC5ScYWA2ncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“摹仿”不是艺术。即使某帖写得再好,学成之后最多不过是个某体的学习者而已,却难以确立自家的地位。创作就是取他人之长,融合自己的思想、感情和对自然的认识,统一自己的字型,形成自己的风格、气韵、神采、意境。通过创作而逐步形成自己的字,达到既有名家古镜之妙,又有自家的发挥与创造,这样的书家才是有作为的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcayduoUmoOeI2xMFqKcJw7Zn9e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勤奋得成功","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S24kda2EYoCW2Ix8VaWc3d3DnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“千里之行始于足下。”如果我们学习硬笔书法的时候,认真地珍视每一分钟,每一步,日积月累,最终必能达到前进的目标,取得成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"COoId46CaoWey2x21oncSJkQntK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA62deaGeo4ksaxwDvmcdeJdnxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"诸多的硬笔工具,唯有粉笔取立势在黑板上书写,其余各种硬笔均应取坐势书写。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"硬笔书写的基本坐势是“头正、身直、臂开、足安”八个字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2UGdycS8okyqYx6F1NcyPSinSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、“头正”就是头要端正,稍微前倾。这样,可保持视线平正,能够看清落笔着点,使笔迹准确无误地随心使转。切忌把头低伏在桌子上,也不要向左右偏斜,以免损伤视力。“头正”还可消除字形重心不稳定等弊端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DICEd8QskoMKwqxgvHOcdAj1nxg"},,"attrs":{"height":580,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b70f53c467c44cdfb94f91477ec85c31","width":772},"text":"","id":"NE2QdA2skokKAUxiQzycyZIJnrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、“身直”就是人体躯干部分要保持正直、两肩齐平、腰部挺起的姿势,做到身直气正。避免弯腰,胸部紧贴桌边,保证呼吸正常,行气顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RU8kdiAucoCmAOx4S6CcVKlvnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、“臂开”就是右手执笔,左手按纸,两臂自然分开,支撑成均衡之势。这样,写起字来就挥洒自如,横画易平,竖画易直,撇捺也易舒展。切忌右手执笔着纸,左手放在桌下和衣袋里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGYQdOU4Io8ASaxyOmBcapv3n5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、“足安”就是要两腿自然分开;两脚自然放平、踏稳。不可两腿交叉叠起,也不可两脚交叉或脚尖踏起。这样坐在位子上,身体稳定,不摇不晃,写起字来就能把握得当,重心稳妥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwYQdyMcoo0WKex04e0cVpqYndc"},,"attrs":{"height":473,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6702b972be09446785c7df67ae09a144","width":630},"text":"","id":"OGqQdWugcoq6AgxsHtxcYbgLnmb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIQQdScyMo4GUaxoDfTc8uY3npe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各种硬笔笔尖的共同特点是坚硬,弹性小,通常在使用钢笔,铁笔,铅笔,蘸水笔,圆珠笔,尼龙芯笔,木、竹片(枝)笔和鹅毛管时,执笔方法相同。就是用大拇指前端、食指前端、中指第一关节处共同握住笔管(杆)下端,无名指和小拇指自然并拢在中指下面助力,笔杆中上端依于食指末关节处。即所谓的三指执笔法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OamcdmeKQo2WkexsXBRcAH9InFb"},,"attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9497927e10294bec9b769514f7c14c38","width":1065},"text":"","id":"IAsadI8yAoowkQx85V4cdAopnKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔高度,一般在笔尖向上2.5~3厘米处。也可根据所书写的书体来定,通常写行书和草书时,执笔要略高一些,以便流动和使转。用木片笔、竹片(枝)笔执笔高度也要适当高一些,因为用这两种笔书写,点画的变化要相对大一些,以适应运笔的需要;用鹅毛管笔时因笔杆较细,所以要执得低一些,以便受力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqGcda0Q0oy4YmxgzdvcZXBbnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔杆的倾斜程度,即笔杆与纸面的夹角,通常在35~60°之间。对于经过改进的钢笔、蘸水笔,自制的木片笔、竹片(枝)笔以及鹅毛管笔,在书写时,为了取得跌宕多姿、富有变化的艺术效果,笔杆的倾斜幅度可以大一些,一般在15~85°之间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LMc8dyukAo24KWxU5vvczdpfngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔的松紧程度,主要由所书写的书体来决定。通常写楷书、隶书、篆书等书体时要偏紧一些,这样写出的笔画挺拔有力;在写行书、草书时可松一些,这样可使笔画飘逸灵活。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UGqAdaKe6oQYqqxaM9tcMlejnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"粉笔的执笔方法和其他硬笔不同,是以大拇指尖、食指尖和中指尖采用钳夹粉笔的方法,其余两指自然助力。执笔高度可视粉笔的长短作自然调节;书写时,粉笔与黑板的夹角通常在45°左右。且执得较紧,否则笔迹太轻,使人不易看清。硬笔使用方便,执笔方法简单。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FY2ydsSwGooiagx06YdcTZ4CnGf"},,"attrs":{"height":692,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e8c8c62a294c47afa3da0f5c4070c135","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PGw2dy0AUog44wxAv64chf1enef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各种硬笔的执著高低、松紧,笔杆倾斜角度的大小,运笔的速度与力度对硬笔书法的效果均有一定影响,需要在实践中不断摸索、体会,才能掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AcqidQQgkoIYSqx40kIcKTGEn6x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运腕和运笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSECdymqOo6oguxaFincRHppnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"写硬笔字和写毛笔字一样,也有一个运腕和运笔的问题。通常手腕的任务是“运”,手指的任务主要是“执”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOqedmagooUUAexye0acoCslnBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运腕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCcgd28iAooGGuxuKNKckVpNnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运腕的方法,要在掌握了执笔要领的基础上才能运用。它的具体动作很简单,就是手掌根部随着笔画的需要作左右、上下摆动,即腕部随着运笔的提按顿挫,轻重缓疾所作的左右两侧或前后方向的摆动。摆动的幅度随所写字的大小而定:字越大,摆动幅度越大;字越小,摆动幅度也越小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NoSGdw2QgoK086xWacrc3Vgqnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"写硬笔字与写毛笔字相比,运腕的幅度要小一些,甚至有时不太明显,但是,实际上在写硬笔字时,一起一落,一往一复,每一点画的完成,提按顿挫,轻重缓疾的用笔变化,都有运腕的动作。在作硬笔书法时,运腕与不运腕(有的人只是运指),对所写出的笔画,有很大影响,对整个作品,还会有生动活泼与呆滞平板之别。因此,对运腕问题,不能忽视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OE8sdyKwIoY0OKxYNBEcZyGsnph"},,"attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"运腕","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a46803469d84e5ea111f058a4ea12dc","width":926},"text":"","id":"TwkodAK0QoYKE4xYTy5cXRnSntf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ao0edUEoKoKmUkxMxCQcjwCyn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓运笔,就是如何使硬笔尖在书写点画时进行运动,或者说怎样使用硬笔尖写出完美的点画。它包括“落笔”(起笔、下笔)、“行笔”和“收笔”三个部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyaadAyCIoOkA4xovZKcnEzRnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔的基本方法是“横画直落笔,竖画横落笔”。即写横画要直下笔锋(写一短的直线或斜线开始),写竖画要横入笔锋(写一短的横线或斜线开始)。落笔方法还可以叫做“欲横先竖”“欲竖先横”。这样落笔可使笔画有起伏,构成的字具有生气。在落笔中又有“藏锋”“露锋”两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeAmdqoOco2kg0x6bOKc8FcAnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓藏锋,就是在落笔时用逆锋取势的方法,如落笔中欲右先左,欲左先右或欲下先上等。硬笔的藏锋和毛笔的藏锋所不同的是:大部藏锋是表现于笔画之外的空势,不在字迹上显露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyEGdcQGWoCs8mxCSrRcZt3zn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"露锋,就是斜落笔,笔锋入纸时,其锋外露。露锋是硬笔书法的主要运笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MeK6dccOsogCoGxMROwcbakZnab"},,"attrs":{"height":658,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1db3a2e94a3f4a099da8b1178a44190e","width":400},"text":"","id":"SeiydsA2Uosu0gxgRYZckLHBnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔的基本方法是:落笔后沿笔画所指方向,通过腕的运动,使笔锋有提有按、有轻有重地移动。要求做到:意在笔前,令笔尖常在点画中行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QoEads4Emo4EQqxeQ0ocyya2nDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"收笔的主要方法是:“有往必收,无垂不缩。”也就是说,书写点画要有去必有来,有来必有去;就是每一笔画写到末了的时候,要将笔锋顿住,回锋作收;或将笔锋轻轻提起,出锋作收。这样写成的笔画,来去分明,首尾相称,笔笔交代清楚;笔画形态就会圆满结实,浑厚有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HO0udIG8IoOIA2xOyMOcFsgmnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在运笔中,落笔、行笔、收笔的过程都离不开“提”和“按”的运笔动作。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"使用硬笔“提按”与使用毛笔“提按”有所不同,毛笔的“提按”,是将笔锋入纸按入和提起以至离纸的动作。而硬笔的“提按”却是指运笔的轻重而言,一般说来,“提”用于行笔或收笔,力度较轻;“按”用于落笔或收笔,力度较重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EcEodgKOyomEkYxec69c6FKenkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提按是运笔的基本动作,笔画的粗细变化、生动活泼也都是通过提按来表现的。因此,对于这一运笔动作在书写时必须给予充分的注意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FiKid6y8qoKcm6xcJGiciCWpn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握了上述运腕和运笔的动作之后,用笔就能做到轻重缓急,提按变化,写出优美的文字来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FG4MdCSa6oMky6xElEIcR5Qjnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是对如何练好硬笔书法问题的解答,希望能对您有所帮助!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQaqdsSQSo4ek0xELlNchtbSnPd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”,可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下,越来越多的考试采用答题卡,网上阅卷,字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此,在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。
写字习惯
从孩子一年级学习写字开始,掌握正确的写字姿势,养成良好的写字习惯,才有助于孩子的身体发育,视力保护,同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。
坐姿
孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点,要求做到:头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略,那就是双脚自然平放在地上,全脚掌着地,双腿分开约与肩同宽,此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。
同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身体距桌子一拳,眼睛离课本一尺(约33厘米),握笔手指离笔尖约一寸(约3.3厘米),不含胸驼背。
坐端正后,还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央,摆正后再来书写,避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。
在孩子学习写字的初期,家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒,帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。
握笔姿势
握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的,做精细动作的能力较差,握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导,帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。
1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出
2、俩指轻合成圆环状。
3、笔杆穿过圆环,再由中指从下往上自然挺住,把笔杆固定在三角架中。
注意
1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米(约一寸)
2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜,掌心虚圆,指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。
练字前准备
选笔
练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头,而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字,因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习,无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。
铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性,能体现落笔的轻重,进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋,能做到顿笔、收笔的区别,使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。
1、铅笔
适合儿童和初学者,有助于表现笔画粗细,练出笔锋。
2、中性笔
价廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。
3、钢笔
最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大,需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。
选字帖
字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论,凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字,我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了,令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧,对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红,因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法,我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。
选字体
练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习,没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习,再进行楷书练习,最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此,如果跳过基础练习,直接进行大师字体临摹,很可能练习多年也不得要领,写不出好字。
正式练字
每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。
低年级
对于低年级的孩子来说,首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等,书写前需要认真观察,看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时,尽量仿照书中出示的楷体,一笔一画模仿写。
需要特别注意的有:
1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写,混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正!
2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小适中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。
3、学会观察字的结构,如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等,还要注意不同结构的占格,如“你”字左窄右宽,“卧”字左宽右窄。
4、学会观察重要笔画。
一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔,写在横中线下,从左到右微微向上倾斜。
“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多,每横之间的距离要基本相等。
左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”,如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。
最后一笔为“捺”时,如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展,渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋,不能写成“点”。
5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范,而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观,这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导;也可以将楷体字放大,先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点,再模仿练习。
中年级
在低年级把字写正确的基础上,中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时,孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展,书写更加熟练、自如,练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观,也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖,此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖,这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄,不便于书写;此外,离开了下面的“模子”,孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。
中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字,由铅笔到钢笔的转换,部分孩子可能不适应,而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的,正是因为如此,才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意,不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔,这样写字时可能更为整洁,但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。
还有一点需要提醒的是,中年级是孩子错别字的高发期,此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况,对于写错的字,应用规范的删除符号“/”划去,这样才能保证书面整洁。
高年级
等孩子到高年级,写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为“一篇字”,在写好每个字的基础上,注意字与字之间的间隔,行与行之间的空隙,追求整篇字的美观。
还要有意识地提高写字的速度,在保证字体规范、工整的前提下,尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的,例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话,而不是每次只看一个词或几个字;书写时不过于追求每个字的美观;字体大小适中;保持正确的握笔姿势;平时加强识字写字练习等。
练字步骤
控笔训练
从练字的角度,把控笔练习分为三个阶段:
第一阶段:协调力控笔训练。不管细节,只找感觉,这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力,纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。
第二阶段:精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习,切实注意起止位置,全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力,真正做到手笔合一。
第三阶段:美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。
扩展资料
首先,笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示,从笔画开始练字,我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下,用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。
其次,笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化,要做到手笔合一,对于初学练字者来说,这是难上加难,而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后,练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边,这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。
第三,美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点,经过专门的美学训练,可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。
基础笔画训练
运笔的基本笔法:中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。
美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当,呈现出美的形态与神态,充满活力,或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔,归于自然。
中锋
即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时,笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位,落纸后,笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时,笔尖在笔画中间,两边的笔毫一齐用力,墨迹向两边渗透均匀,写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。
侧锋
侧锋又叫做偏锋,与中锋相对。侧锋用笔,笔入纸后,笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时,顺锋竖入,向右下顿笔,此时笔尖朝左上方,当我们向右稍拖带时,笔的运行方向是朝右的,笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画,往往一侧较厚实,一侧较单薄,这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。
“中锋取骨,侧锋取妍”,侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。
起笔、行笔、收笔
行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔,就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左边起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。
提笔、按笔
钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。
翻笔、折笔
翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑,如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折,都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而用力。
风格,指用锋的深浅。
使转和方圆
在书写的过程中,随点画之势运笔,带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来,用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使,钩环盘纡谓之转。”(王绂《论书》)。点画的“遣送”为使,点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实,“转”有虚,“转”更难。转笔作用很大,极须用意。它即是换笔,又是调笔,方法也需视情况而变。
写字口诀
小小一点要点好,学会顿笔很重要;
横要平,竖要直,撇有锋,捺有脚;
提钩要尖折有角,行笔轻快要记牢;
认真练习功夫到,笔画健美字才好。
18个基本笔画运笔示意图
一、长横
二、竖画
三、撇
四、点
五、卧钩
六、竖撇
七、竖弯钩
八、平捺
九、戈钩
十、垂露竖
十一、捺
十二、竖折
十三、竖钩
十四、提钩
十五、撇点
十六、平撇
十七、横撇
十八、横折
偏旁部首训练
汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配,是汉字的结构单位,是构成汉字的基础,重复出现的频率极高,具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定,并具有一定的书写规律,因此掌握偏旁部首的写法,狠抓偏旁部首,不失为一条最为有效的捷径,对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时,偏旁部首书写的正确与否,直接关系到字形的美观,所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前,有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时,掌握好一个偏旁部首,即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去,可达到事半功倍的效果。
汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种,一般归纳为:字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。
字头
字底
左偏旁
右偏旁
包围
认识字形结构
汉字的结构对称特点,主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义,它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线(面)为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重叠),具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息,因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。
根据对称的种类及层次,结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况:
1、上下部件结构对称:如吕、昌等。
2、左右部件结构对称:如比、林、非等。
3、内外部件结构对称:如回等。
4、部分部件结构对称:如以中间部件为轴对称:如辩、斑等;字形下部的部件结构对称:如丽、翁等;字形上部的部件结构对称:如丛、琶等;字形左边的部件结构对称:如彬等,字形右边的部件结构对称:如琳等。
5、部件多层重叠的结构对称:如、鑫等。
6、独体字中的结构对称:如田、中等。 据作者初步统计,在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》(北京:语文出版社,1989)收集的7000个通用的汉字中,上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个,占通用汉字总数的8.74%。 其教学过程及步骤如下:
第一阶段:形象地显示自然界的对称规律。 大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此,可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段,让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体,双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称,从而使学生初步感知对称的美,并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。 第二阶段:直观地识别对称的基本的独体字 汉字的字形形象而多变,但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时,可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或CAI展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,让学生观察雨点方向,继而展示一个古时的“雨”字,最后展示演变至今的“雨”,引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的,而如果四点的方向不一,这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上,学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美,只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,还可以让学生通过折折,剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折,画一个空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出这个字,把这个“口”字打开来,就是“田”字。 第三阶段:分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。
当学生初步感知对称这一概念,学会了对称的独体字后,可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法,归类识别各种对称的合体字,并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。 ①字谜法 适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣,可让学生编字谜,师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。 ②颜色标注法 适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分,如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”,右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等,对于以中间部件为轴对称的字,如班,可用色标标出其中间部分。 ③儿歌分解法 同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。 另外,当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后,还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字,激发学生字的兴趣。
规范字书写练习
购买适合自己的字贴进行练习。
1、司马彦|人教版课课练:字体规范、人教版教材适用(各年级都有)。
2、金枝叶|小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖:描红、临帖结合。
3、华夏万卷|人教版课本同步写字课字帖:内容系统全面(各年级都有)。
4、墨点|衡水体高中英语字帖:衡水体。
5、学才|小学生英语单元同步词汇:同步词汇。
6、六品堂|凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖:凹槽+临摹。
7、金枝叶|儿童初学者凹槽练字帖:幼儿、凹槽。
适合的字帖
1、清晰
按照现在的印刷技术,清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商,为了让字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。
2、选择高端版本
所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了,难免会有误差。选择字帖,应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。
3、选择全彩色印刷
高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些,但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张,墨色深浅如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹,并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。
4、复制品
复制品的概念,可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品,其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的,它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力,墨色,纸张的颜色,气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素,它都有。
5、字帖有标明尺寸
这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才会判断出来原作到底有多大,字有多大,线条有多粗,然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”,可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下,越来越多的考试采用答题卡,网上阅卷,字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此,在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从孩子一年级学习写字开始,掌握正确的写字姿势,养成良好的写字习惯,才有助于孩子的身体发育,视力保护,同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点,要求做到:头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略,那就是双脚自然平放在地上,全脚掌着地,双腿分开约与肩同宽,此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身体距桌子一拳,眼睛离课本一尺(约33厘米),握笔手指离笔尖约一寸(约3.3厘米),不含胸驼背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后,还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央,摆正后再来书写,避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子学习写字的初期,家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒,帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},,"attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc4ee17a03c148cd881f3c5f5b6ebba9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的,做精细动作的能力较差,握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导,帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、俩指轻合成圆环状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔杆穿过圆环,再由中指从下往上自然挺住,把笔杆固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},,"attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cccc6635bd24beb88213ecdf1d71d22","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米(约一寸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜,掌心虚圆,指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头,而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字,因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习,无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性,能体现落笔的轻重,进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋,能做到顿笔、收笔的区别,使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合儿童和初学者,有助于表现笔画粗细,练出笔锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},,"attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8878a6068ba7421b994fbb4384d38a98","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"价廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},,"attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c18e26021a2408db3351aeda1686878","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大,需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-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细的指导;也可以将楷体字放大,先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点,再模仿练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay8USSG0MUEQwv3u1opETd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在低年级把字写正确的基础上,中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时,孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展,书写更加熟练、自如,练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观,也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖,此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖,这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄,不便于书写;此外,离开了下面的“模子”,孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGc8U8cmwsiWMrFoDaob5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字,由铅笔到钢笔的转换,部分孩子可能不适应,而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的,正是因为如此,才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意,不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔,这样写字时可能更为整洁,但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoYsIEyiWEw8aYJxtOxP0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一点需要提醒的是,中年级是孩子错别字的高发期,此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况,对于写错的字,应用规范的删除符号“/”划去,这样才能保证书面整洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoAImC0KogQgqOJph9p7gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4SQIkoiSU4IUpo7iSu68e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等孩子到高年级,写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“一篇字”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",在写好每个字的基础上,注意字与字之间的间隔,行与行之间的空隙,追求整篇字的美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKguAAMKU602YSF9hNTxFcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还要有意识地提高写字的速度,在保证字体规范、工整的前提下,尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的,例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话,而不是每次只看一个词或几个字;书写时不过于追求每个字的美观;字体大小适中;保持正确的握笔姿势;平时加强识字写字练习等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamWQuaGagUY0ghN11D4Vxb"},,"attrs":{"height":474,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8635909b05543cbbe13507be3c5f6c0","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMGsmWmqKse647ZSlt9JXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weoyUkG8G4k0o7a4FKftc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUgqWC4ec02e4sNAebFOfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从练字的角度,把控笔练习分为三个阶段:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGM64YaYMOKegR8CkxUXpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段:协调力控笔训练。不管细节,只找感觉,这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力,纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScumSaSQc8I2cbLhMEjYS5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二阶段:精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习,切实注意起止位置,全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力,真正做到手笔合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段:美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示,从笔画开始练字,我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下,用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化,要做到手笔合一,对于初学练字者来说,这是难上加难,而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后,练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边,这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三,美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点,经过专门的美学训练,可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础笔画训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的基本笔法:中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当,呈现出美的形态与神态,充满活力,或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔,归于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时,笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位,落纸后,笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时,笔尖在笔画中间,两边的笔毫一齐用力,墨迹向两边渗透均匀,写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋又叫做偏锋,与中锋相对。侧锋用笔,笔入纸后,笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时,顺锋竖入,向右下顿笔,此时笔尖朝左上方,当我们向右稍拖带时,笔的运行方向是朝右的,笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画,往往一侧较厚实,一侧较单薄,这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中锋取骨,侧锋取妍”,侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔、行笔、收笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns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id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照现在的印刷技术,清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商,为了让字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、选择高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了,难免会有误差。选择字帖,应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些,但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张,墨色深浅如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹,并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、复制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复制品的概念,可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品,其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的,它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力,墨色,纸张的颜色,气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素,它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有标明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才会判断出来原作到底有多大,字有多大,线条有多粗,然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E关于本次sk567cn和平精英和如何练好硬笔书法的问题分享到这里就结束了,如果解决了您的问题,我们非常高兴。