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本文目录
育婴师证不是全国统考项目，是由省级职业技能鉴定中心组织的考试。报考育婴师证可到省级人社部门授权的正规育婴师培训学校报名，证书是全国统一的，由学校统一组织培训报考及领取证书。
报考条件
初级育婴师报考条件
1、初中学历或以上，满18周岁即可报名。
2、经本职业育婴员正规培训，并取得结业证书。
中级育婴师报考条件
1、初中毕业及以上文凭，满22周岁即可报名。
2、取得本职业育婴员初级职业资格证书后，连续从事本职业工作1年以上，经本职业育婴师正规培训，并取得结业证书。
高级育婴师的报考条件
1、初中毕业及以上文凭，满26周岁允许报名。
2、取得本职业育婴师中级职业资格证书后，连续从事本职业工作3年以上，经本职业高级育婴师正规培训，并取得结业证书。
报考时间
育婴师考试时间一般在每年的3、6、9和12月份考试，报名一般提前1-2个月开始。报考网站http://jnbm.jjgedu.vip/page/4_1.html。
考试内容
初级育婴师考试内容
初级育婴师考试内容分为“理论基础知识”和“实践技能操作”两个部分。
理论知识考试试题中，中等难度的试题约占70%；难度低的试题约占20%；难度高的试题约占10%。理论知识考试内容为：0～3岁婴儿生理发育特点，心理发展特点、婴儿营养、婴儿教育、相关法律法规等。掌握不同年龄阶段婴儿的言行、思维和情感方式，懂得如何与婴儿相处和沟通的技巧，能够适时地开发婴儿的自身潜能。
实践技能一般分为四部分内容：
(一)食谱35分。
(二)疾病的护理25分。
(三)设计游戏35分。
(四)培训5分。
中级育婴师考试内容
中级育婴师考试分为理论基础知识和实践技能操作两个部分。基础知识包括婴儿解剖及生理发育特点、婴儿心理发展特点、婴儿营养、婴儿教育、相关法律、法规知识等，实践技能操作包括、生活照料、日常生活保健与护理、教育等。
基础知识:
1、婴儿解剖及生理发育特点：呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、运动系统、神经系统、感觉系统。
2、婴儿心理发展特点：感知能力、记忆能力、思维能力、想象能力、注意特性、人际交往能力、自我意识情绪与情感、意志力、气质特征、言语能力。
3、婴儿营养：热能、营养素的基本知识营养需要、膳食评价与营养行为。
4、婴儿教育：教育意义、教育特点与内容、教育原则与方法。
5、相关法律、法规知识:宪法的相关知识、母婴保健法的相关知识、未成年人保护法的相关知识、儿童权利公约的相关知识、中国儿童发展纲要(2001--2010年)的相关知识、食品卫生法的相关知识、劳动法的相关知识。
操作技能:
1.生活照料：饮食、饮水、睡眠、二便、三浴，卫生(居室、个人、四具)。
2.日常生活保健与护理(新生儿游泳、预防接种、生长监测、常见疾病护理、预防铅中毒、意外伤害处理)。
3.教育(动作技能训练、智力开发、婴儿发展评价、情商和社会行为及人格培养、实施个别化教学计划、培训指导与评估)。
高级育婴师考试内容
一、职业道德
1、职业道德基本知识
2、育婴员职业道德与修养
3、热爱儿童，尊重儿童，爱岗敬业，优质服务。遵纪守法，诚实守信
4、育婴员工作守则
二、基础知识
1、0—3岁婴儿解剖及生理发育特点：呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、运动系统、神经系统、感觉系统。
2、0—3岁婴儿心理发展特点：感知能力、记忆能力、思维能力、想象能力、注意特性、人际交往能力、自我意识、情绪与情感、意志力、气质特征、言语能力。
3、0—3岁婴儿营养：热能、营养素的基本知识、营养需要、膳食评价与营养行为。
4、0—3岁婴儿教育：教育意义、教育特点与内容、教育原则与方法。
5、相关法律、法规知识：宪法的相关知识、母婴保健法的相关知识、未成年人保护法的相关知识、儿童权利公约的相关知识、中国儿童发展纲要（2001--2010年）的相关知识、食品卫生法的相关知识、劳动法的相关知识。
三、实践操作
理论知识考试在标准教室进行。技能操作考核在具有必要的婴儿模型，喂养用具，烹饪器具，流动水源，日常保健用品，婴幼儿睡眠、就餐、活动等用具或玩具；且卫生、通风条件良好，光线充足，设施安全的场所进行。
考试形式介绍
1、理论考试是机考，会安排到指定的考试地点，然后指定的时间，题型只分为单选、多选、判断题。因为我考的是高级哈，所以此处只说关于高级的题型数量，单选60，多选20道，判断20道，一共是100道题目，只要总分能达到60分就算及格了。
2、实操考试。全程叫做实践操作考试，说的是你作为育婴师的实际操作能力，考核的内容其实也比较明确，大概有3道操作题，分数安排是30/30/40的占比。
备考方法
分阶段进行学习，以提高学习效率
建议把全程备考分为三个阶段。
第一阶段：奠定基础阶段，对考纲知识的脉络有初步了解，制定学习计划。
第二阶段：强化阶段，把育婴师考点过1-2遍，掌握考试规律。
第三阶段：题库练习阶段，大量做题，熟练掌握重要考点和难点，通过实战完善应试策略。
合理安排时间
细分到章节上，用来深化复习每一个章节的内容。所以，大家可以规划好一周每一章的复习内容，把时间分配给每一章。周末尽量用在需要思考理解的章节重点和难点上。
利用好零碎时间，刷题，做题查漏补缺
1、平时乘车、工作空闲的时间可以用在需要背诵记忆的章节内容，不需要太强的理解，只需要反复、机械的练熟、背诵。当然，做题刷题非常重要，过眼千遍也不如一练，直接做题，进行查漏补缺。
2、假如已经临近考试，时间紧迫一定要复习疾病类的知识。前期可以打基础，多做基础类的题，考试临近时做冲刺题，真题演练。
3、理论考试是机考，理论部分分为单项选择题60分，多项选择题30分和判断题10分，所以得多刷题，碰到不会的题目可以去搜题找答案，答案准确能帮助你快速学习。
备考资料
育婴师备考书籍有主教材和辅助教材，其中主教材有：《育婴员》、《育婴师教你——科学育儿》(0~1岁)、《婴幼儿生活——精心呵护》(0~3岁)和《高级育婴师》，辅助教材有：《给宝宝的第一本心理健康书》和《婴语的秘密》。
备考app
准备参加育婴师考试的同学，强烈推荐用优题宝app，这个软件有育婴师考试高质量真题及模拟试卷，做完提交试卷，有测试评估，这样可以帮大家及时检验学习效果，查漏补缺，梳理书本知识点和总结考点内容，从而达到一个非常好的复习效果
证书领取
育婴师证是职业人才测评中心颁发的https://www.rcrzgl.org.cn/index。省中心证书制作完毕后在官方网站发布证书申领公告，各省辖市和省直报名点领取证书，完成证书验印工作后开始发放证书。考试合格的考生在本人报名点领取资格证书。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"育婴师证不是全国统考项目，是由省级职业技能鉴定中心组织的考试。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"报考育婴师证可到省级人社部门授权的正规育婴师培训学校报名，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"证书是全国统一的，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"由学校统一组织培训报考及领取证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwss6QoQI8UwUKYM9ohWmzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf12n60SxTvy5hpmnYgyHpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初级育婴师报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMcUcgC8me6AioFTftNjqe"},,"attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初级育婴师报考条件","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/97cc706f47b44c3d8f5933ebbb105982","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnAqgeOeyuiEEwkVLuz0qghh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初中学历或以上，满18周岁即可报名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwiGC0QWSeUM2XqYHRkWhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、经本职业育婴员正规培训","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"并取得结业证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0iQW4mgmc6SgfxP4WOSfg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级育婴师报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCKA4sqyMoSWpnv8bE3AKF"},,"attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中级育婴师报考条件","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ef24b74772a493a9d54e1cf98693e1f","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqWuOeKEgQEOiCDnOwEue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初中毕业及以上文凭，满22周岁即可报名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQoCAqswYiSUm4lASA6Y9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、取得本职业育婴员初级职业资格证书后，连续从事本职业工作1年以上，经本职业育婴师正规培训，并取得结业证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqw8OcKuSiGswZWd1AE1hd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级育婴师的报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oYIw28uCSIc2lGS2g60Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初中毕业及以上文凭，满26周岁允许报名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUaGqmQ4AeIAMflTlpdQEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、取得本职业育婴师中级职业资格证书后，连续从事本职业工作3年以上，经本职业高级育婴师正规培训，并取得结业证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUmSyGC6KuMWoDldblPyUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN0q937Tvvw2R6quv4goRie"},,"attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d40ca192a238470e97bb4f269b62ceef","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcn8iS8yA2aggGYIR3EALf1Zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"育婴师考试时间一般在每年的3、6、9和12月份考试，报名一般提前1-2个月开始。报考网站","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://jnbm.jjgedu.vip/page/4_1.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://jnbm.jjgedu.vip/page/4_1.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgEGcCiwya2o4bGXNokRFf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU14OtN7hKKU6UIPVuVN7Eb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初级育婴师考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gok6QMA6qgkMLXNW2RK7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初级育婴师考试内容分为“理论基础知识”和“实践技能操作”两个部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuG4KIQOQka8coF0IDMHDqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理论知识考试试题中，中等难度的试题约占70%；难度低的试题约占20%；难度高的试题约占10%。理论知识考试内容为：0～3岁婴儿生理发育特点，心理发展特点、婴儿营养、婴儿教育、相关法律法规等。掌握不同年龄阶段婴儿的言行、思维和情感方式，懂得如何与婴儿相处和沟通的技巧，能够适时地开发婴儿的自身潜能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOiIGkMy4k0ocD4bIBpvCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实践技能一般分为四部分内容：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyuYaEyuScW4ey9PUOfube"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)食谱35分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqi0GmysOEmWoumDyfnoKng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)疾病的护理25分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIeUGmwCaQokKSFueIoLYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)设计游戏35分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYm4sAwU8KGwaqyYD4y5fCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)培训5分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke4MgiKKuEo26O1ucSmGDf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级育婴师考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIYKU4wa4SAsOIbIxJf35b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级育婴师考试分为理论基础知识和实践技能操作两个部分。基础知识包括婴儿解剖及生理发育特点、婴儿心理发展特点、婴儿营养、婴儿教育、相关法律、法规知识等，实践技能操作包括、生活照料、日常生活保健与护理、教育等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOKEi4MgaGs6Kyil8sWexc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基础知识:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwg8iU800aQw4qwssspHjzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、婴儿解剖及生理发育特点：呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、运动系统、神经系统、感觉系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCIsqmaAwOGQCSmS83Dsrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、婴儿心理发展特点：感知能力、记忆能力、思维能力、想象能力、注意特性、人际交往能力、自我意识情绪与情感、意志力、气质特征、言语能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4o4Ymy20aYAxldgFaiDFt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、婴儿营养：热能、营养素的基本知识营养需要、膳食评价与营养行为。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6KAmeS6w2GiKwxGvVfmJAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、婴儿教育：教育意义、教育特点与内容、教育原则与方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWsqIs0iYUE2QG0qbw5W1Pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、相关法律、法规知识:宪法的相关知识、母婴保健法的相关知识、未成年人保护法的相关知识、儿童权利公约的相关知识、中国儿童发展纲要(2001--2010年)的相关知识、食品卫生法的相关知识、劳动法的相关知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIagSmouEsAgWAVD58q2md"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"操作技能:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4sgSq6cqoWQCyOunIk7Deg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.生活照料：饮食、饮水、睡眠、二便、三浴，卫生(居室、个人、四具)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqKckQaa0Ue2Mh4oN0X6of"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.日常生活保健与护理(新生儿游泳、预防接种、生长监测、常见疾病护理、预防铅中毒、意外伤害处理)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6w8K68eGKa6YTeXQQPRBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.教育(动作技能训练、智力开发、婴儿发展评价、情商和社会行为及人格培养、实施个别化教学计划、培训指导与评估)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEoSa8OuyA26ASeo6Ywjbuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级育婴师考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0YUGY4uwgOqCwwwtAQ8Gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、职业道德","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Es0o8cuKc2skdxiN33e6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、职业道德基本知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsimWyAQwGcgy6xpBwIFFpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、育婴员职业道德与修养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaacwK4IEWkuwygjv8lkH1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、热爱儿童，尊重儿童，爱岗敬业，优质服务。遵纪守法，诚实守信","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2O2wuma8eIAMeGlszWaLph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、育婴员工作守则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnomYmMk8SwIwymGRprOISPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWkMEqewAWa2URIEFhD2Og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、0—3岁婴儿解剖及生理发育特点：呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、运动系统、神经系统、感觉系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqm0CqyGsOoSeoelsOxEQ5S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、0—3岁婴儿心理发展特点：感知能力、记忆能力、思维能力、想象能力、注意特性、人际交往能力、自我意识、情绪与情感、意志力、气质特征、言语能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno2Qgk6UUGywCAUWiroYfab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、0—3岁婴儿营养：热能、营养素的基本知识、营养需要、膳食评价与营养行为。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqww2oYg84qwIu8Z5BrA8Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、0—3岁婴儿教育：教育意义、教育特点与内容、教育原则与方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniC6suqwCAAaYk9IGiv6dgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、相关法律、法规知识：宪法的相关知识、母婴保健法的相关知识、未成年人保护法的相关知识、儿童权利公约的相关知识、中国儿童发展纲要（2001--2010年）的相关知识、食品卫生法的相关知识、劳动法的相关知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmW0UKWQ0oWsqmw6s5UQ5Zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、实践操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0QayIgSKQaIohIlwpduPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理论知识考试在标准教室进行。技能操作考核在具有必要的婴儿模型，喂养用具，烹饪器具，流动水源，日常保健用品，婴幼儿睡眠、就餐、活动等用具或玩具；且卫生、通风条件良好，光线充足，设施安全的场所进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2c2mkYkICUiA88Sre0r1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试形式介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWjUMyOrGPhEfyzqEiTE8Ie"},,"attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试形式介绍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5542c2b56cfc40b6bea3df2069dfa0de","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnCeM4mSYSwsIm6KHeB5HZsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、理论考试是机考，会安排到指定的考试地点，然后指定的时间，题型只分为单选、多选、判断题。因为我考的是高级哈，所以此处只说关于高级的题型数量，单选60，多选20道，判断20道，一共是100道题目，只要总分能达到60分就算及格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSC4WawYYKqcSGAtEhVIOTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、实操考试。全程叫做实践操作考试，说的是你作为育婴师的实际操作能力，考核的内容其实也比较明确，大概有3道操作题，分数安排是30/30/40的占比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WY4YKQG0k2qg9LMCJOdAh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIELw2FHYAX4d9HeuVAUOFT"},,"attrs":{"height":242,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/166a178cd14041b0b3b0619e119969fe","width":582},"text":"","id":"doxcnOqK60YQ2UoY0GANiHuIZre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分阶段进行学习，以提高学习效率","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwksQA0u6w0ooAHSOwGqYjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议把全程备考分为三个阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoC28m4miW4ochr64yB7qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段：奠定基础阶段，对考纲知识的脉络有初步了解，制定学习计划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCisSU6Wi6qsKc9PxsGonNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二阶段：强化阶段，把育婴师考点过1-2遍，掌握考试规律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy0gcgAkI6scaQnYPyFo0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段：题库练习阶段，大量做题，熟练掌握重要考点和难点，通过实战完善应试策略。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8AkOIocg28MOl7qQTI20uW"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合理安排时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kEaymKy4S8QIDM9WfYIgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"细分到章节上，用来深化复习每一个章节的内容。所以，大家可以规划好一周每一章的复习内容，把时间分配给每一章。周末尽量用在需要思考理解的章节重点和难点上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4YKU4gyyOwQ44sffItE5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用好零碎时间，刷题，做题查漏补缺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8MMOs28cgqIczUBSIXbjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、平时乘车、工作空闲的时间可以用在需要背诵记忆的章节内容，不需要太强的理解，只需要反复、机械的练熟、背诵。当然，做题刷题非常重要，过眼千遍也不如一练，直接做题，进行查漏补缺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciImACKm2qmAOI5vVJk0Qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、假如已经临近考试，时间紧迫一定要复习疾病类的知识。前期可以打基础，多做基础类的题，考试临近时做冲刺题，真题演练。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAgkk0c6gUUGCkfKW4uwSEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、理论考试是机考，理论部分分为单项选择题60分，多项选择题30分和判断题10分，所以得多刷题，碰到不会的题目可以去搜题找答案，答案准确能帮助你快速学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ywWecMiqIQky4cr8ipQqd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNRIG2hGybdhCiZ3rLz4fZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK06Mg8ou886u6ZbIYzH1de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"育婴师备考书籍有主教材和辅助教材，其中主教材有：《育婴员》、《育婴师教你——科学育儿》(0~1岁)、《婴幼儿生活——精心呵护》(0~3岁)和《高级育婴师》，辅助教材有：《给宝宝的第一本心理健康书》和《婴语的秘密》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0UAIY0wyC20yG5MHMaIlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考app","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqUOU8yaMqEggvyTldQxVn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备参加育婴师考试的同学，强烈推荐用优题宝app，这个软件有育婴师考试高质量真题及模拟试卷，做完提交试卷，有测试评估，这样可以帮大家及时检验学习效果，查漏补缺，梳理书本知识点和总结考点内容，从而达到一个非常好的复习效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMcQYqcqmWuAUX9afZ7Gth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCUYOmEMeqEaOsTvBoy5PE"},,"attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7943f73344b4f6993c7d623dad7fc79","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnQy2SYoY26cwMiu7haDLnpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"育婴师证是职业人才测评中心颁发的","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.rcrzgl.org.cn/index"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.rcrzgl.org.cn/index","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。省中心证书制作完毕后在官方网站发布证书申领公告，各省辖市和省直报名点领取证书，完成证书验印工作后开始发放证书。考试合格的考生在本人报名点领取资格证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUA8eGaicU0myQZQsFhYyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGe6cQ2ciWQQyTezrlkKib"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E人们常说，直升机是地面防空导弹的活靶子，因为直升机飞的是又低又慢，机动性也不行，面对来袭的防空导弹，除了硬吃一发导弹，也没有什么太好的办法了。甚至还说，便携式防空导弹，已经成为直升机的最大威胁。但是这些并不是事实，事实是，地面目标是直升机的好靶子，如果不加以防备，会被直升机打的很惨。
图为阿帕奇武装直升机，携带长弓雷达，探测距离足够远，超过了便携式导弹的打击距离。
怎么会这样呢？这里首先就需要提到人这种动物，本身是不会飞的，对于不会飞的动物而言，对付空中的目标是很难受的，这是被动的防御，也很难在头脑里想象空中的情形。事实上，直升机是飞的高看得远，而且是飞行高度刚刚好。要知道，战斗机飞的很高，但是由于高度和速度的原因，他是看不清地面情况的，直升机不同，他飞的高度刚好能帮助他看清地面情况，甚至在部分情况下，他只是飞一个树梢的高度就发动了攻击。
图为直-19长弓型，携带毫米波雷达。
飞的高，自然看的远、看的更清楚，再搭配先进的雷达设备，比如武装直升机标配的光电探测系统，或者先进武装直升机所配备的毫米波雷达，比如美国的AH-64D/E、AH-1Z，我国的直-19和直-10，俄罗斯的米-28N，都可以配备毫米波雷达，这个时候直升机就能取得远至12公里的搜索探测距离，在这个距离内的目标，都在他的打击半径之内。
不可否认，地面的便携式防空导弹是很厉害的，直升机在天空背景下也是很明显的目标，但是同样的，在直升机看来，地面目标也一样是很明显的目标。资深军迷大概都看过空中的飞机打击地面目标时的雷达影像，他不是简单的视频图像，而是一种经过光电雷达特殊处理过的影像，在途中，明亮的就是目标，而灰暗的是周围的建筑、环境，这种红外/光电探测设备，能够轻易发现隐蔽的目标，甚至是躲在墙后面的目标。
图为直升机飞行在树梢高度，这样的树梢杀手确实难以防备。
武装直升机的机炮转动起来很方便、快捷，一旦发现有目标携带防空导弹，就会马上开火进行压制。而相反的，防空导弹的发射则是比较复杂的，比如便携式防空导弹，还需要士兵站立身体，站在周围没有遮蔽物的地方，才能锁定目标发起攻击，即便是车载便携式导弹，也会因为目标过大而非常容易暴露，并且遭到打击。
要知道，现代直升机的机炮、导弹精确度是很高的，而且火力机动性极强，即便是坦克、战车在逃跑躲避，也会被轻易命中，而战场上并非处处是掩体，等到士兵和防空导弹可以发射时，直升机早已经可以率先发起攻击了，到底谁是靶子还是两码事呢。再者，直升机也很少有单独出动的情况，往往是集群出击，如果是武装直升机，那么还要涉及到相互协同和配合，在这个情况下，即便是直升机的武器操作员没有及时发现目标被打击，那自己的友机也会马上根据导弹尾迹确定目标方位，发动攻击。
再者，直升机由于航程有限，很少执行巡逻作战任务，一般都是应召出击，或者是定点突击，因此在直升机到来之前，目标的防御布置就已经非常清楚了，甚至直升机还有无人机作为掩护和侦查，比如我国的直-11wb直升机，就可以携带SW-6无人机作战，对于这样的情况，地面部队往往不能主动选择作战的方向和时机，只能不断处于高度戒备状态，最终是在百密一疏的情况下，被直升机突破了防御。这样的例子有很多。
图为直-19E武装直升机。
比如，在海湾战争中，美国陆军派出了2架“阿帕奇”武装直升机，奇袭了伊拉克南部的两处重要防空导弹阵地，导致伊拉克南部防空网络洞开，战斗机得以进入。直升机之所以还有突然袭击的效果，一方面在于其飞行高度低，雷达难以探测到飞行如此低空的目标，再者也因为直升机飞的低，所以直升机周边的目标信号毕竟复杂，雷达受到地面杂波的影响太大，因此，直升机又往往成为突袭的利器。
图为士兵携带便携式防空导弹作战。他们的战斗力比起直升机还是差远了。
最后，即便是直升机被导弹瞄准攻击了，直升机也还有最后的办法，也并非是毫无手段来应对。比如，直升机的雷达告警装置会发出被锁定的警告，然后直升机就能释放出干扰弹对来袭导弹进行干扰，同时进行低空的机动规避。由于直升机的红外信号没有战斗机那么明显，所以在释放干扰弹的时候，很容易骗过红外制导导弹。
就算是硬挨一发导弹，直升机也不会就真的马上被击落。美俄的重型直升机在发动机、座舱等关键部位，都有装甲加强，可以抵抗23毫米弹药的直接攻击，像便携式防空导弹那点战斗部，根本威胁不到他，即便是被击中，只要飞行员和发动机没有事，他就还能保持飞行来返回，在阿富汗战争中，就有几架美军的“阿帕奇”武装直升机陷入了塔利班的防空陷阱，每一架直升机都遭到了重创，差点就折在那里，但是最后还是依靠很好的防御飞了回来，飞行员起码是安全的。
图为直-10武装直升机。
再比如说，美国的“黑鹰”直升机和我国的直-20等偏重于可靠性和生存性设计的直升机，即便是失去了机尾，也还能继续飞行，这就是直升机的生存力了。我国也曾有直-10武装直升机出现故障，旋转的坠地，但是飞行员也只是受到了轻伤。所以说，直升机的安全性还是有保障的，只要不是被击落或者迫降在敌占区，就大概率能安全返航，而且直升机在对抗地面防空导弹时，是占有便宜的。
行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”，是偏重于楷书书写笔法，比楷书行笔自由，又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强，书写速度快、易识易学。
行楷特点
行笔轻盈
书写楷书，运笔稳实、缓慢，笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷，运笔轻松、便捷，线条追求流畅、明快。
点画灵动
书写楷书，笔画造型完整，点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷，点画活泼，连带显露，点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。
字形多变
楷书的字形平正端庄，通篇整齐均匀，相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿，通篇大小相间，正敧相错，同一个字可以有多种写法。
硬笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
推荐的坐姿：头正、肩平、臂开、足安；眼离纸一尺高，手离笔尖一寸长，胸离桌子拳头，推荐坐姿如下图。
握姿
推荐的握姿：拇指、食指捏住笔，中指抵住笔杆底；余下两指紧相依，指离笔尖一寸余；五指配合齐用力，不松不紧最适宜，推荐握姿如下图。
工具
选笔
1、钢笔
钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：
（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；
（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；
（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。
中性笔
中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。
中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：
（1）书写流度。笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；
（2）握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；
（3）墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。
3、其他笔
除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。
字帖
分类
字帖大体可分为三类：（1）笔画结构详解类（2）集字类（3）语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本，有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本，基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动，2019年10月24日初步定型，所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》（图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》（图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类，《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。
图1
图2
推荐字帖
当代有大量优秀行楷字帖，比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行（楷）字帖。
昊玉生的行楷字站：《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。
田英章的行（楷）字帖：《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧（行书）》、《现代汉语常用3500字（行书）》等。
钱沛云的行（楷）字帖：《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。
对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好，但是也要避雷。
选择字帖三不选：不选折凹槽类字帖；不选手写体类字帖；不选大幅度描红类字帖。
纸
练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。
重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。
另外，有以下几个点可以注意：
（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。
（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。
（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。
练字内容
从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度，至少会从章法、结构、笔画（划）三方面进行解读，这三方面即是要练字的内容。
章法
章法是安排布置整幅作品中，字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法，它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等，利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。
结构
结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看，合体字分为七种，即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构，巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理，传达的视觉效果越好。
笔画（划）
永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹，反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点，是最基础也是最核心的，务必加倍重视。
练字方式
临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径，但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提：读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分：读帖、摹写、临写。
读帖
读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程，初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重，笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应，字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采，才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言，应从其点画开始，观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等，再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法，最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点，为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言，就比如不止选择的两本字帖，往往起到一个相辅相成的作用，为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察，不止使用的行楷字帖，不像古帖变化较多，容易学习，方便掌握。
摹写
市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上，按照影子描写（或者猫红）。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖，做到心中有数。摹写过程中，尽量与原帖的用笔一致，单字书写一气呵成，不可存在?笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊，不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑，故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。
临写
临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。
1、对临
可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端，便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化，对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可，可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围，不必拘泥形式。基于读帖，写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析，找到不足做出标记，再次临写，循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。
2、背临
在读帖，摹写，对临这些过程中，应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆，将字帖熟记于心，合帖临写，通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练，这种方式就好比背语文课文，作为一种检查手段的同时，也是在巩固字体的练习，以形成记忆模式，达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好，一旦离开字站，不管是字形还是结构都降了层次，这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用，想要到达这一目的，背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式：空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求，完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上，通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖，在脑中再现每一笔每一画，这种方式适合睡觉前时用。
3、意临
在临写时注入了自己的主观意识，意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题：练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识，这是一种正常的现象，但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题，到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维，切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种，第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上，使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现；第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上，使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。
注意事项
三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率，需要我们注意如下几点：
1、多临少摹
不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合，以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短，未必不是一种好的方法。
2、循序渐进
一般而言，从摹写到临写，各项练习方法应当有效穿插，相互作为辅助关系。
3、先专后博
比如不止选择的两本字帖，先《实用行楷字帖》，后《林数因语录行楷》，两本字帖虽然都是荆香鹏的字，但有差别。先打好基础，解决好笔画结构，再进入长篇幅的练习。同时也可以找书家其他字帖，进行广泛吸收。
4、点面结合
在练习前期，笔画与结构的练习往往是结合在一起。由于诸多现代字帖制作是由字体库生成，相同的字没有变化，极有利于练习（也有弊端，不够灵动）。练习中后期，笔画、结构、章法相互穿插练习，可以进行通临，形成面到点，点到面的良性循环。
5、讲究实效
练字不是抄字，做事要做有用功，每一笔、每一字都需要精益求精，不求数量求质量。当今生活节奏过快，部分人练习时总想急于求成，练字不是一朝一夕的事，讲究效率的同时也要注重坚持。
行楷技巧
连写笔画
写行楷书，往往将相邻的笔画连写，以方便书写。
引用草书
为增强行书的流动笔意，注重牵丝连带，调节行气，也可以把人们比较熟悉的草字直接串写在行楷书中。
简化字形
行楷书书写时，由于连写笔画，可以适当减少笔画数、简化了字形，使书写更加便捷。
改变笔顺
行楷书为了连写方便，有一些字改变了楷书的笔画顺序。总体上要保证美感，章法布局上要讲究错落有致，空间布白。
略带斜势
行楷书在书写时，为行笔连带方便，横可以大幅度上斜，字形略带斜势，自成新的体势。
大小相间
行楷书在排行书写时，字形大小，随其自然，大小相间，使行气更加流畅自然。
章法布局排列
字的大小讲究有大有小，错落有致，相得益彰，这样能够使整体更加美观大方。
规律技巧
左短右长
是指左部偏旁较右部要短、而且小。书写时，左部要写小、并略靠上一些，为右部写宽长一些留出位置。这类字的右部往往有撇画向左部的下方伸展，要恰到好处，不能伸的太长。比如：听、作、观等。
左高右低
点竖对正
指在一个字中，有上下两个中竖者，两个中竖应当垂直对正。竖能对正，则字身不倒。在许多字中，中竖决定字的重心，安放位置对与错就决定了这个字的好坏。
左斜右正
凡左右结构者，以左斜右正者居多，左斜为呼，右正为应，有呼无应，字势必殇，有应无呼，无源之水，均不能立，呼者以斜而取势，应者以平而安神，呈左动而右稳，书呼疾而应迟。
左宽右窄
撇捺不相连
上展下收
横长撇短
上紧下松
书写要点
行楷入门，以吴玉生行楷字为例。
常用字“大”字虽然笔画简单，但并不好写，眼睛一看就会，但是写出来总觉得姿态别扭。
为了方便记忆，下面我把“大”字书写要点归结为“3直1弯”。
①横画要直，用中横，要果断，粗壮有力，不宜带弧度；
②竖撇竖要直；
③捺画前半段要直；
④竖撇跨过横画之后，急转弯，弧度非常大。
毛笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
写毛笔字以坐姿为主。一则练二三寸大楷字无须站立，坐着写就行了；二则坐着省力又利于凝神聚气，注意力容易集中。主张写二三寸大楷模也要用立姿的主要原因是为了练习悬肘，其实坐着写也照样可以用悬肘法，关键是方法要正确。正确的坐姿应该是头正、身直、臂开、足安”（见图下)。
头正：指书写时头要摆正，不可偏侧。
身直：指身体要平正、坐直，两肩齐平，当然直立不是要昂首挺胸，而应该肩背放松，自然下沉，身子略向前倾，胸口与桌面保持一多的间隔，切忌弯腰驼背，甚至将下巴枕靠在左手背上。
臂开：指手臂要往前伸开些，同时两臂的肘关节也要向左右撑开，两边基本匀称。
足安：是指两只脚自然地平稳着地，两腿左右略微分开，其位置与肩宽基本相等，肌肉放松。
站姿
站着写毛笔字身子可略往前倾，头部正直稍微有些下俯，左手掌按住桌面上的纸，右手近于伸直，执笔的姿势也要随着站立而改变，手享下覆，手背与手臂几乎成一平面。两脚分开站稳，双足之间的距离与肩宽大致相等。书写时用手腕、手臂的运动来完成；如果写特别大的字，甚至要用腰部的运动来书写，两脚可再分开些，使书写动作可大一些。执笔方法也应随之而变化。
工具
选笔
毛笔
不同阶段，不同水平，学习不同的书体，练习大小不同的字，对应的毛笔也是不同的。
推荐实体店购买，而非网店购买。网店上的东西看不清摸不着，仅能通过几张图片来判断，这种判断方法很难看的真切，因此很多人发现上了当。而在实体店可以好好观察，也可以根据不同的价格的毛笔进行一个对比，从而择优购买，有问题也能在现场发现。
用笔最好还是选择品牌笔，价格虽是稍高点，但质量比较可靠，包括用料和工艺。
范本
平时多看名帖、看书法展、看名家挥毫。从好作品中汲取养分。推荐的以下范本。
书写原则
1、线条坚而浑——激情原自线条的熟练。线是力和势的组合，行笔要沉着痛快，做到稳健、轻便，重笔势(即趋向)，根据字形大小排字的走向，线条斜势，整体纵向走势。
2、结体奇而稳——注意重心。欹侧、擒纵、疏密、高低。
3、章法变而贯——竹节式(几个字一节)节数间有空隙;贯珠式(中心线);蛇行式(左右摆动);疏影式(疏疏朗朗)。
布局要点
1、一字不能成行。
2、字与字之间有呼应，上承下启，左映右带，行距和字距不能相等。书眼放中央，可大些，字与周边气贯。
3、整体上展出适合墨迹浓重的作品。挂家中适合疏淡的作品。
4、作品中不能有错别字，异体字不过于冷僻。
5、作品整体布局上面重下面轻。
6、评作品好坏主要看总体视觉效果：节奏、墨色、用笔。
7、三三两两，似散还续，气脉一贯，此布局之妙也。
书写技巧
行楷的连带
笔画连带是行楷书的核心，唯有连带，方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外，还有一些特殊的连带。
1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字，笔顺改变后，连带顺畅，书写便利。
2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字，笔画合并后，两笔并作一笔，使得上下连贯。3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画，为了不妨碍连笔，就省略掉了，虽然省略了，但是仍易于辨认。
4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字，这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写，用象形笔法勾勒出来，由于约定俗成，已被大家所接受。
要练好行楷，关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线，注意上下衔接，突出主要笔画，减少对笔画的修饰，尽量一气呵成，使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略，随意自然，行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。
书写特点
行楷的书写特点是连、变、省，其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由，用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。
行楷的点画
行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满，前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法：
行楷的横画
行楷字横画多数带钩，与前后笔画呼应或者连接，有长短、精细、俯仰等变化，如果数横并列，要有长短参差，笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用，因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。
行楷的竖画
行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬，要适当取斜势或弯曲，收笔有悬针，有垂露，有带钩，有弯弧，但必须把力用到笔端，切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。
行楷的撇画
行楷字的撇有多种姿态，要注意长短、曲直的变化，书写时常常回锋，做到伸缩有度，与捺相配时要有变化，不能呆板。
行楷的捺画
捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔，有时写成反捺或长点出锋，但要注意带曲，回锋的方向要有变化。
行楷的提画
提又称挑，常在左右结构字左旁的末笔，与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲
行楷的折画
行楷字的折画有圆有方，圆转多于方折，圆度要润，方折要顿。
行楷的钩画
行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩，可以加钩起连带作用，但要生动求变，饱满有劲，切忌软弱、尖细。
书写关键
八面出锋
借助于八面出锋，自然显出墨色浓淡，湿中有干，干中有湿，浓中有淡，淡中有浓，变化千万，使作品富有节奏感。
刚柔相济
刚力—铁划银钩(粗)：柔力—行云流水(细)。
惜墨如金
要求蘸一次墨写一个字，甚至数字。
豁然开朗
留白处有宽有窄，宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾，到解决矛盾的过程。
中侧并用
中锋得法立骨，侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求，是书法审美的核心所在；侧锋是情性的化身，是书法通神的手段。
深思熟虑
创作前要深思熟虑，反复推敲，做到“胸有成竹”。
一气呵成
书法是感情的流露，不是技巧的表现，要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒，一气呵成。
错落有致
一般情况下，作品的行距要宽，字距要紧。字忌并列，要错开。节数间有空隙，排列组合要有节奏，大小字参差，突出中间书眼。
笔情墨趣
书法是无声的音乐，无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应，使整体和谐，有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔，用笔略慢，动中有静，写出墨趣。
重视贯气
书法的气，是指点划与不同字之间的呼应，字与字之间的趋向。
书写方法
读帖
要练眼，即认真读帖。读帖是基础，要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等，眼高是手高的前提，对字形要善于观察、分析和比较，大致相同的字合成一类，举一反三，达到事半功倍的效果。
练脑
要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上，要把示范字牢牢地记在心里，只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心，深深地刻在大脑里，才能熟练运用。无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状，做到胸有成帖，脑有成字。
练手
练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写，心中能想出字的最好效果，手下却不一定能写出来，因为脑不一定能指挥得了手，手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界，所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。
练结构
要写好行楷，结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构，大家可以写写黑体字，通过这种字体把结构进行校正，然后加以变化，写其他的字体也就容易一些。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”，是偏重于楷书书写笔法，比楷书行笔自由，又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强，书写速度快、易识易学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYsIAc6q8UAHoupFfA6Jv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaukOIYUqu4uirDWImLVhI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAAg4qCUSo6KGuqFDmvpHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书，运笔稳实、缓慢，笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷，运笔轻松、便捷，线条追求流畅、明快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcIycGWM0kCICoARw4h31d"},,"attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07aa7d0ff2be4e8585dc8f7287a33c88","width":366},"text":"","id":"doxcn6eaIKe6qku4eQygEUM7n3y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4Kq6GGeMC4MyScd0OabDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书，笔画造型完整，点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷，点画活泼，连带显露，点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EEM4UIOggMSo7KjntZCAh"},,"attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37d3a92a963c4e908f3f31e1a7a3a649","width":372},"text":"","id":"doxcnqC8oAwiiumKUstBwpBAjpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC82UOSaoAq8GG4UbvbUo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的字形平正端庄，通篇整齐均匀，相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿，通篇大小相间，正敧相错，同一个字可以有多种写法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2iekUmMgo6SoiiSs7V6a1b"},,"attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b53a66166e1243ab8eea03c77eef8915","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYAgCE6gSM4g1SmRmWs7Qz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行楷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oSKw6Oa06U2gVS19IetNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08qmQYAGsSkyOI8DWpi9Nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciMciCmG8IcCEjBHGJk0Qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的坐姿：头正、肩平、臂开、足安；眼离纸一尺高，手离笔尖一寸长，胸离桌子拳头，推荐坐姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKokEyOQEISoEwPbLbaS4id"},,"attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2518cd45688c4c88b6ad0dc26fa83e68","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4soUKQwKyCCofbdKxjsEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsMwykeKq0umedSoMmVrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的握姿：拇指、食指捏住笔，中指抵住笔杆底；余下两指紧相依，指离笔尖一寸余；五指配合齐用力，不松不紧最适宜，推荐握姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssCokGGekg8G0UAgW0iUxh"},,"attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6ecdf5dcd674c09844ac3b09d317014","width":260},"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuiweyaGmqkWfgdUpbvhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IQSKyg8eYQ8esyWOtcVuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoWqeCaqQiKKEbPWJleqze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaCk2M6ME8eGaSyV44e6Jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG6Ye4omiYEAOs7UZGKLvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2asmUM8Oc0umYs2RnCLXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcSUoiKOMOAwolSDNeSgqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWSoWCMyIac2wXg8H0vTNc"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/143c124cd04042ea8e2dd086dadce517","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnOimsEeYcU8IUycD6KwzYRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIOqO4UKUsKiiWblbtqV0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y80ucmkMEo6Yz690kipzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguKWaAyGiU82m24DES6LJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）书写流度。笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OAiAKuiw0QKML7J6o8XXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMYeAmYkKcOUUrxYq3Fise"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIu0Qi2uKKokktaSU61gZb"},,"attrs":{"height":292,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee9abf52df3142ed8665577f90f381e6","width":387},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOQGKEUeqI8k6lAdfDViic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicWAAEOqkAOKA627mdwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ccAiu6KEUGc6M6v7YNFyg"},,"attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9668d13228a408d98ce10dd0a8b874c","width":250},"text":"","id":"doxcnIegGkuSKW6c6wBzbOOPyRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEOyUqOQMmWQslzECcIJRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWSUaMQmYO0kAf24i8PFTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大体可分为三类：（1）笔画结构详解类（2）集字类（3）语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本，有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本，基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动，2019年10月24日初步定型，所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》（图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》（图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类，《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmkI4QYAAcE8kz0fC7TfKe"},,"attrs":{"height":317,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/365b0cf1b3844a10a47844acbbdcef35","width":235},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOqYYIE8owM6GIVhk2ea3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42scOaQC6SGCE3OExmp20g"},,"attrs":{"height":320,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b702530ab255456e99171f65f0130fec","width":247},"text":"","id":"doxcnsumocemYQSk6yoqAhf6Adc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnce6CcqocmQocA7Zw4FETee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOIQQM0OwgagFMW09R8td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当代有大量优秀行楷字帖，比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行（楷）字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuo6u84MkgeoQS0nh3cTNhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"昊玉生的行楷字站：《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyY28seoq2m08jMdTLPxkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的行（楷）字帖：《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧（行书）》、《现代汉语常用3500字（行书）》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSMqau4qCoMm2XxlNGJJyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钱沛云的行（楷）字帖：《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy4Y2iKkqcOUMXXyjbwRkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好，但是也要避雷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CS4AYcuOkW4qIygeJROZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择字帖三不选：不选折凹槽类字帖；不选手写体类字帖；不选大幅度描红类字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngE80Gokgqkao6zWC2vsfsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ0gAgC4M6kaQ0owxeYyZoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqSommKokAMWXsjLxZ3xLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OAM2WWoY4YOyYiYNBddyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，有以下几个点可以注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAMw6gCwuOeeiSIj3962rg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCey64Ue0CCyUGstIqsePWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Mei0Mi22YGOgvnvvFwmqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCgECqqU08WuGr3c4sImyT"},,"attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcd041337a694ecb8a11c3ce054340b9","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcngMeGwYSmIwUUa0uTFIdCoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMuA00AusuW8AnUVouKs0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度，至少会从章法、结构、笔画（划）三方面进行解读，这三方面即是要练字的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uW6WqcQQUws0SXcSdnWrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0IiMSkSoICs0ivuP8j0Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法是安排布置整幅作品中，字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法，它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等，利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsusugEusaIo8MvXg33O1nd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwY2Cok0I4kKa6vEwygEJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看，合体字分为七种，即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构，巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理，传达的视觉效果越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssuKaGa0MoAsuAwL2Ii3nh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画（划）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeOGiAiIIeW0IKQDaEEH5I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹，反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点，是最基础也是最核心的，务必加倍重视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAmUuyA0CaaswvbgJ0S7Ch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKCygkWcIKGKUPHW5pSzxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径，但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提：读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分：读帖、摹写、临写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0UMscWAuQkIe5yqi2MeT9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAAk82w28KUOIRlF1S8QLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程，初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重，笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应，字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采，才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言，应从其点画开始，观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等，再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法，最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点，为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言，就比如不止选择的两本字帖，往往起到一个相辅相成的作用，为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察，不止使用的行楷字帖，不像古帖变化较多，容易学习，方便掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mgYAAAQOMywycRkaO2uCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"摹写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gYSEGaCkcOkiUDVAvGzle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上，按照影子描写（或者猫红）。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖，做到心中有数。摹写过程中，尽量与原帖的用笔一致，单字书写一气呵成，不可存在?笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊，不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑，故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqAyo4S6CCSaYTmdDAzshe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iM4OiYag0WcQD61VKxzDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygOUcU2IMMCIs1Ye474JJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、对临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni62qGqSGoUMUYNDoHeenTw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端，便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化，对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可，可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围，不必拘泥形式。基于读帖，写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析，找到不足做出标记，再次临写，循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyUQQaEEiUwKsF3SWiJp0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、背临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2S06sa2kckwDN9brm2NLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在读帖，摹写，对临这些过程中，应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆，将字帖熟记于心，合帖临写，通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练，这种方式就好比背语文课文，作为一种检查手段的同时，也是在巩固字体的练习，以形成记忆模式，达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好，一旦离开字站，不管是字形还是结构都降了层次，这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用，想要到达这一目的，背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式：空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求，完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上，通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖，在脑中再现每一笔每一画，这种方式适合睡觉前时用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQ2kOYemq2qmcI1ebeInc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、意临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKoeUoysIM2gE9Ezj6O0Yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在临写时注入了自己的主观意识，意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题：练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识，这是一种正常的现象，但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题，到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维，切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种，第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上，使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现；第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上，使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuu2QQuummUchftaOlYJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEKqU8MukMwuYLyVM9eJ0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率，需要我们注意如下几点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4ci6OkEmCu4Mv7B1q8ayg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、多临少摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UsGEYE2qa4kSq81ldYrEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合，以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短，未必不是一种好的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kGcQuiKocsIHa0TtdvKh9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、循序渐进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA0wMeKukUIs7pBA3jNXG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般而言，从摹写到临写，各项练习方法应当有效穿插，相互作为辅助关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weMMgcMgICQgHri9JdLFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、先专后博","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosUWSoIk4MEIiqC3FlueHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如不止选择的两本字帖，先《实用行楷字帖》，后《林数因语录行楷》，两本字帖虽然都是荆香鹏的字，但有差别。先打好基础，解决好笔画结构，再进入长篇幅的练习。同时也可以找书家其他字帖，进行广泛吸收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWW4cQko8gm8SWEZ20ELjhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、点面结合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy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}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4iqiYKKmE0moI7XxDzVdXq"},,"attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"布局要点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5dcacce4cad4010ad94c4bf926d1548","width":360},"text":"","id":"doxcns2q6MuQS2OYkUFUYR1XDYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAKwy8akk2GOlNevr7eyNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的连带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0o6uA0YYe8CuWrldoHTie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画连带是行楷书的核心，唯有连带，方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外，还有一些特殊的连带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8SYyoAsoSocOZIZBKiU7L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字，笔顺改变后，连带顺畅，书写便利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsCykwUwgQyCkXIu4UVJFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字，笔画合并后，两笔并作一笔，使得上下连贯。3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画，为了不妨碍连笔，就省略掉了，虽然省略了，但是仍易于辨认。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOYy6OeoucYkqYfm5oVPIeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字，这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写，用象形笔法勾勒出来，由于约定俗成，已被大家所接受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYscSugg4ga4kJKzB7wtCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练好行楷，关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线，注意上下衔接，突出主要笔画，减少对笔画的修饰，尽量一气呵成，使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略，随意自然，行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCQCeMou2CkAyyiNa3Bstg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4o0MYkUE0UmWeKpQb4cxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的书写特点是连、变、省，其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由，用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2aqCSqMucQ6GriKynPoIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0C64w46QSqsstlt7yH0yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满，前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIEQKUwOsoeM8sP960iQHb"},,"attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7cd854fd45e4de899fe8863de596e9b","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcncYgsUyM4sSS66mhva0NHhB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKYyC4eEYoIkKPxkgIr9ixK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字横画多数带钩，与前后笔画呼应或者连接，有长短、精细、俯仰等变化，如果数横并列，要有长短参差，笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用，因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaCsoG2GAoQwukjtCX0n69"},,"attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5deb7f3e889460583b771ccb2bd1748","width":537},"text":"","id":"doxcn8UuYcU88As6k4KiNBFM5Pc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQ8Kmyc4S0G0qOuxQZlEme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬，要适当取斜势或弯曲，收笔有悬针，有垂露，有带钩，有弯弧，但必须把力用到笔端，切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsACQSQmYUmE8jtVztVsRf"},,"attrs":{"height":592,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ebe6c6e082e402290371396cd7a13d5","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcnuE8UyyK64ME6moE7zHbUlf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCeWYWmogs4Kqgp8hCMKvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的撇有多种姿态，要注意长短、曲直的变化，书写时常常回锋，做到伸缩有度，与捺相配时要有变化，不能呆板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI6SMqOyMs8SMGqegxzJXld"},,"attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44e54987821142888f501960daa7e3b5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwKQKEG66I4qI0Ia4oXvH3c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcaosE8KQAIwmEE9pflz0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔，有时写成反捺或长点出锋，但要注意带曲，回锋的方向要有变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQMqOIEkuOiUeKfhqJ8rVT"},,"attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/631e14ee1c724642961a834cbfc47eba","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnUOe46mkCgIoICQmdDa8Rrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CUkIkSq6YUaYdnIpKqHwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提又称挑，常在左右结构字左旁的末笔，与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4MK8QuaAOYm40WLzS0TJie"},,"attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba0891e62d549ff937195b34bf9e80f","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcncCkuYouk6ssmsT06ZDxoSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8eOy0ks4EQqIljp7jUr0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的折画有圆有方，圆转多于方折，圆度要润，方折要顿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmy4CU0MgcoSUVQHAqYB2g"},,"attrs":{"height":423,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8711dc90e7e642dd95cf0e67a20bae36","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWY2wyEWWQkKQMztqVyBQch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的钩画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwMi8eu2s8S06UT3SKzm9F"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩，可以加钩起连带作用，但要生动求变，饱满有劲，切忌软弱、尖细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwswImyS0Oae46NA7C35mlb"},,"attrs":{"height":779,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/776ce9e7ba5b460383868d7eb282e824","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnG4Wy24uac42aYRHOKhrDEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6o86MmeMUcmkkHLBcIqxCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八面出锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoI2owY4EG8qINNFHuTY6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"借助于八面出锋，自然显出墨色浓淡，湿中有干，干中有湿，浓中有淡，淡中有浓，变化千万，使作品富有节奏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi6CSowM8wIuYzm00qxlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚柔相济","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKG0SSqAMiiUG2RJNSagMo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"铁划银钩(粗)：柔力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"行云流水(细)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0AyiWK04co8UJir8F7Tkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"惜墨如金","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU22cm6iiwWIUgtSXfFRqed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求蘸一次墨写一个字，甚至数字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSwgo86II24yiOONHJDHNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豁然开朗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmygKyu8gAiQ6OplD7osqVp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留白处有宽有窄，宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾，到解决矛盾的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQG04OK2ke0U0gN2BO9SEhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中侧并用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsOk8Kq6uaoieE67PtMfad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋得法立骨，侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求，是书法审美的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"核心所在；","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧锋是情性的化身，是书法通神的手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYscu8skYuWMnl6PLQWXcM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深思熟虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQI8EcImyUakEyabawOXpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创作前要深思熟虑，反复推敲，做到“胸有成竹”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4mKQIMo68siohfwOjuh5a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一气呵成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmGoe46o6aOGYrkbQGiTJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是感情的流露，不是技巧的表现，要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒，一气呵成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4SeYSQgyyEc2B0GHS46Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yIwmIsgGwYGEvjjQ0Bxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下，作品的行距要宽，字距要紧。字忌并列，要错开。节数间有空隙，排列组合要有节奏，大小字参差，突出中间书眼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgs6IawSuwA8e6o12XYVkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔情墨趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoi2iO4OCGWGwHrtxBjXhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是无声的音乐，无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应，使整体和谐，有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔，用笔略慢，动中有静，写出墨趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAGSyYusYGaA0YK4jiARyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重视贯气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUwWOeuwYI0wOoZ4Dee31c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法的气，是指点划与不同字之间的呼应，字与字之间的趋向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAAmUk0uIGQYmKljTaPVSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwm44O4Q6GY8CuarhxCvxeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMKmOesQEoQmUUPRMutQo4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练眼，即认真读帖。读帖是基础，要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等，眼高是手高的前提，对字形要善于观察、分析和比较，大致相同的字合成一类，举一反三，达到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUisQUE2w4M8VEjN2dz4D6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYyqqQ0SUumUUuinEBUVCsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上，要把示范字牢牢地记在心里，只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心，深深地刻在大脑里，才能熟练运用。无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状，做到胸有成帖，脑有成字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyU28iuMaKMEUs12rquz09b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6Oi8EeSe8qkkNRUT9nOQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写，心中能想出字的最好效果，手下却不一定能写出来，因为脑不一定能指挥得了手，手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界，所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcskIEmeugIo2l4FqNoh6J"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISwyugGwWSIkEPvx6PS7Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要写好行楷，结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构，大家可以写写黑体字，通过这种字体把结构进行校正，然后加以变化，写其他的字体也就容易一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoScscSKaGWEK47RWMAFSAf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E2022款全新标致308S的尺寸为4636*1852*1442mm，轴距2732mm。
全新标致308S的尺寸为4636*1852*1442mm，轴距2732mm，整体比308长了269mm，其中轴距部分长了57mm，剩余的尺寸都给到了后悬上，这不仅为308SW带来了更好的后排乘坐空间，还扩展了后备厢的装载能力，这也是旅行车所具备的重要实用性功能。
关于sw269，直升机在战时是导弹的活靶子吗的介绍到此结束，希望对大家有所帮助。
