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围棋起源于中国，中国古代称为“弈”，距今已有4000多年的历史。围棋使用矩形格状棋盘及黑白二色圆形棋子进行对弈，棋子必须走在空格非禁着点的交叉点上，双方交替行棋，落子后不能移动或悔棋，以目数多者为胜。
围棋组成
棋盘
围棋盘是方形的，由纵横各19条线组成。19╳19形成了361个交叉点。上有九个星，最中间的称“天元”，“元”是第一的意思，“天元”意为天空最高点。
棋子
围棋的棋子分为黑白两色，黑子181枚，白子180枚，黑白子加起来是361枚，恰好和棋盘的点数相同。
围棋规则
对局双方各执一色棋子，空枰开局，黑先白后，交替着一子于棋盘的点上。棋子下定后，不再向其他点移动。轮流下子是双方的权利，但允许任何一方放弃下子权而使用虚着。
一个棋子在棋盘上，与它直线紧邻的空点是这个棋子的“气“”。直线紧邻的点上如果有同色棋子存在，这些棋子就相互连接成一个不可分割的整体。直线紧邻的点上如果有异色棋子存在，此处的气便不存在。棋子如失去所有的气，就不能在棋盘上存在。
把无气之子清理出棋盘的手段叫提子。提子有二种：下子后，对方棋子无气，应立即提取对方无气之子。下子后，双方棋子都呈无气状态，应立即提取对方无气之子。
棋盘上的任何一点,如某方下子后，该子立即呈无气状态，同时又不能提取对方的棋子。这个点叫做“禁着点”。
棋局下到双方一致确认着子完毕时，为终局。对局中有一方中途认输时，为终局。双方连续使用虚着，为终局。
终局时，经双方确认，不能被提取的棋都是活棋。终局时，经双方确认，能被提取的棋都是死棋。
围棋术语
围棋术语是在围棋中用来表达某些特定概念和词语的称谓，它囊括了围棋的专用名词、理论知识以及竞赛规则和对局经验的许多内容，既是中国围棋文化千百年来不断发展的产物，也是人们学习围棋应该掌握的基本常识。
基本概念
气
在棋盘上，棋子与它直线紧紧相邻的空交叉点，就是这个棋子的“气”。单独一个棋子的气数不超过四气，但两个或两个以上相连的棋子则可以有四气以上。棋子若失去所有的气，就成为死棋，不能在棋盘上存在。
目
棋盘上，被一方棋子所围地域的空交叉点，称之为“目”。一个交叉点即是1目，目的数量称为“目数”。
空
用棋子围成的地域。
地
（1）即地域或空。指已为某方占有的地区。
（2）形势判断用语。如“黑地六十目”，即指黑方可望在全局围有六十目的地域。
（3）指占有子和“空”的总和。即棋子围有的全部交叉点。
所包围的目数和活棋本身之总和，称为“地”。
提子
将对方无气的棋子从棋盘上取下，称为“提子”。
打劫
双方可以轮流提取对方棋子的情况。围棋规则规定，打劫时，被提取的一方不能直接提回，必须在其他地方找劫材使对方应一手之后方可提回。
真眼
由几个连接在一起的棋子围住一个或两个空交叉点，则称该点为真眼，简称“眼”。
假眼
由几个没有完全连接的棋子围成了眼的形状，称为“假眼”。在一定条件下，围成假眼的棋子会被对方吃掉。
活棋
棋盘上凡是对方无法提取的棋即是活棋。活棋通常要具备两只真眼。
死棋
棋盘上迟早能被对方提取的棋，即为死棋。死棋不具有两只真眼。
双活
双方互围的棋子均无两只真眼，但又不能制杀对方时即为“双活”，也称“公活”。
禁着点
棋盘任一点，一方下子后，该棋子即呈无气状态，同时又不能提取对方的棋子，这个点就称为该方的“禁着点”。一方不能下子的禁着点，对方可以下子。
布局
布局是一盘棋的先导，也是双方进行阵容部署、各自抢占要点，为双方接触作战作准备的阶段。
定式
是指布局阶段双方在角部的争夺中，按照一定的行棋次序，选择比较合理的着法，最终形成双方大体安定、利益大体均等的棋本棋形。定式的种类有星定式、小目定式、三三定式、目外定式、高目定式等。
中盘
指双方在布局之后从短兵相接开始进行的全局性作战阶段。
收官
中盘作战基本结束，双方所占地域已经大致确定，进而使双方属地完全明确的一系列着法。
星
在棋盘坐标4·四的位置和棋盘正中央标有九个小圆点，术语称为“星”。这九颗星，将棋盘大致划分为左上角、右上角、左下角、右下角、上边、下边、左边、右边和中腹九个区域。
角
指棋盘四个角部星位内侧的区域。
边
指棋盘四个边星两侧的区域。
天元
棋盘正中央的一颗星称作“天元”。
小目
棋盘坐标3·四位置称作“小目”。
高目
棋盘坐标4·五的位置称作“高目”。
目外
棋盘坐标3·五的位置称作“目外”。
三三
棋盘坐标3·三的位置称为“三三”。
急所
指对局时，急需抢占的要点之处，无固定位置。
大场
指布局时，棋盘上下子后能够开拆或分投之处。
天王山
"天王山"一词是指在布局阶段，双方大势力的消涨要点，表示盘面中双方都应抢占的重要的位置。
俗称
挂
布局时在一方有一子占据角部时，另一方在其附近间隔一路或二路的位置行棋，称作“挂”。在三线行棋，称为低挂，在四线行棋，称为高挂。根据双方棋子的相对位置，又可分为一间高挂、二间高挂、一间低挂、二间低挂和小飞挂、大飞挂等。挂的目的在于破坏或侵占对方所占的角部。
缔
也称为“缔角”或“守角”。指在己方原有小目、高目或目外一子的基础上，再下一着棋，使己方两个子相互配合守角的着法。缔角既有利于围占角地，又可进一步控制和开拓边上的大场，是布局阶段常采用的着法。
长
双方棋子紧贴着向同一方向行棋，先行的一方，棋子会始终高出对方一头。长的着法能将己方的棋子连接成一个整体，这样可以延长棋子的气，既可以防止对方的攻击，又便于伺机攻击对方。
立
紧靠着己方原有的棋子，竖着向边线方向下一子的着法。通常多指在二线或三线的行棋。
尖
在原有棋子的斜线上下一子。由于尖的步子较小，也称其为“小尖”。在实战中，尖是一种攻守兼备的下法，既能够保持两子间的连络，又能够出头，控制行棋的方向。
飞
从原有棋子出发，向棋盘“日”字形的对角上下一子，叫小飞。若下在“目”字形的对角上，就叫做大飞。飞还有一种形式，叫做象步飞。与象棋的象步走法相同。
压
在己方有子力配合的情况下，将棋下在对方棋子的上面，其主要作用是压制对方，扩张自己的外势、使己方的棋更加厚实，强大。压的着法往往还有声东击西的作用。
拆
从原有棋子的同一横线上，向左或向右有间隔地下一子。如果间隔一路，称为“拆一”，若是间隔二路，则称“拆二”，其余类推。
挡
在双方棋子相互接触时，直接阻拦对方侵入己方地域或阻止对方被围的棋子向外冲出的着法。
碰
在无己方棋子接应时，紧靠着对方的棋子旁边下一子，称为碰。通常是用于试探对方怎样应对，追求变化的一种手段。
靠
在有己方棋子作策应的情况下，紧贴对方棋子旁边下一子。
搭
在己方棋子与对方棋子间隔一路的情况下，紧贴对方棋子的两侧下一子的着法。也称作“搭靠”。
接
将可能被对方分断的棋子连接成一体的着法。
粘
（zhān）指将被对方“打吃”的棋子与己方的其它棋子连接成一个整体的着法。
挖
在对方相隔一路的棋子中间下一子的着法。这种着法通常用在能够分断对方棋子，并能有效地攻击对方的场合下。
夹
将对方棋子夹在我方两子中间的着法。
滚
也称滚打。指由己方先弃一、二子，然后把敌子打吃成凝聚形状的着法过程。
打
也称打吃。在对方棋子只有两口气时，再下一子，使其仅剩一口气的状态。
双打
下一子同时打吃对方两边的棋子，形成两者必得其一的着法。
提
下一子，使对方的棋子立即呈现无气被吃状态，随即把被吃的死棋从棋盘上提取掉。
征
也称做“征子”，是围棋中吃棋子的一种方法，俗称“拐羊头”。被“征吃”一方的棋子因只有一口气，如若没有己方棋子接应，即使立即逃出，对方可按预定的行棋次序继续紧气追杀，最终会将其全部吃掉。
卡
（qiǎ）在对方棋形的要害处下一子，使其立即呈现某种缺陷的有效着法。
掖
紧挨着对方成“尖”形的两个子旁边下一子，具有约束对方棋形或使对方棋形出现断点或缺陷的着法。
曲
将棋背向对方的棋子走成弯曲的形状，称为“曲”。
玉柱
在角部或边上原有一子的基础上再下立一子的着法。用于加强己方的形势或稳固己方地域。
尖顶
紧靠对方的棋子下一子，在使己方棋子成“尖”形的同时，起到顶撞对方棋子的作用。
鼻顶
在对方棋形正前方顶住对方若干棋子的着法。
连
下一子，将两处分开的棋子若即若离地取得联络，以保证大块棋子安全的着法。连的常用着法有跳、关、拆、小飞、大飞、大跳等。
基本杀法
中局战略
对对方的弱棋，特别是失去很据与其已成活的棋子没有联络的孤棋进行攻击，是中盘战中争取主动的重要手段。
遇到对方出现孤棋，一定抓住机会进行攻击，争取吃掉对方以获取对局中的最大效率。这样往往会引起激烈的战斗，要经常审视围杀中自己出现的问题，否则非但歼敌不成反会断送自己。在攻击中完全歼灭对方一片棋的情况是不多的，多是通过攻击获得其他好处，其中之一即是扩展自己的领地，巩固己之本来不稳固的领地，也通过攻孤棋来达到目的。通过连续攻击压迫敌棋边角，也加强自己的外势，但要分析、计算好，在什么形势下有利,什么形势下不利。
从发展来看，治理孤棋首先考虑的是向中央出头。不能出头，被封住往往是吃亏的，除非逃不出时才行此下策。
当遇到攻击，无法向中央出头时，有机会、有条件时可以联络到自己另一块棋上去。
如出头和渡过均不可能时只得就地求活，如单独活不成，则争取双活，如果双活亦不成时，应停止这一带的活动，停止得越早越好。
缩小眼
从周围挤压对方的棋的生存空间，使它不能有做成两只真眼的空间。
点中心点
对方有一个中心点是做眼的要点，一旦被对手抢先，就能做出两个或两个以上的真眼。比如直三、弯三、刀把五、梅花六，这些棋形的中心点就是杀棋的要点。
打劫杀
在不能净杀的情况下，可以通过打劫来杀死对方，职业棋手往往擅长利用劫争一举获得优势。所以有时双方棋形的厚薄，劫材的多少，也是一盘棋的胜负关键，往往多一枚劫材就决定了大盘的胜负。
胀死牛
将对方点眼的棋子的外气全部紧完，在对方虎口里走一子，然后打吃对方，使对方不能连，将其胀死，称为“胀死牛”。
布局常识
布局指围棋的开局走法，一般在几手到几十手的范围内。局棋的进行一般由布局、中盘、官子三个阶段构成，布局作为一局棋的初始阶段，奠定了整个棋局的骨架与脉络。对局双方各自抢占棋盘上的空地，同时尽量阻止对方占地，由此导入中盘战斗。围棋有谚语“金龟银边莫肚皮”即以国突效率而言魚上最高、中腹最差。
围棋基本布局
三连星
即在边上星位连下三颗子，这一布局极易成大模样。对于另一方来说，必须有“钻地道"和"拆天桥”的能力，否则必败无疑。由于三个子都处在第四线上，故这种布局的侧重点不是占角，而是向中央发展。三连星的用意在于取势或构成模样，中央是它的主要战场，这是三连星的特征。
二连星
较之三连星，二连星更为灵活多变，速度也快，并可视局部变化取地或取势，而不像三连星那样很容易就走上单一取势的道路。
中国流
它的外形与三连星相似，如果把它放平了看，有一种“桥”的感觉，因此在中国也叫做桥梁式布局。
相小目
黑1、3子占相邻的两个角，同以小目的四线一方指向白棋，称为“相小目”。其特点是把着眼点集中在一方。
星小目
黑1、3用星和小目占相邻两角，称为“星小目”
对战心态
修身养性，切忌浮躁
棋手实战时觉得局面都已占优，注意力不集中的情况下出现昏招，形势顿时翻盘。接下来绝大多数棋手会立即要求再来一盘以求“报仇”，但是接下来的对局心态已失去了平常心，于是连下连败以致一败涂地。
具备谋略心机
谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略，也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。
1、真正的进攻就要有收获，就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展，这叫做攻有所获。
2、单纯的防守不好，具有反击的防守才真正具有威力，这叫做守中有攻。
3、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候，选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候，选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。
4、寻找出进攻的机会和线路，熟练地运用各种技战术，使局面朝理想方向发展，这叫做捕捉战机。
5、中局作战过程中，要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识，该攻则攻，当守则守，进攻的线路，防守的要点，都在审局度势的范围之中。
6、多算胜，少算不胜。
工具推荐
书籍
1、《围棋入门一月通》邱百瑞·著
2、《围棋入门（修订版）》翟燕生，徐莹主编
3、《围棋入门（围棋自学速成宝典）》李烨·著
软件
星阵围棋
星阵围棋是行业内知名的AI围棋对弈平台，曾与世界围棋冠军柯洁对战,并多次获得世界围棋AI大赛冠军。目前星阵围棋已推出手机端软件、iPad软件,也可以使用电脑网页版。
弈城围棋
弈城围棋网成立于2005年，是老牌知名围棋平台，主要功能有：各大围棋赛事现场直播、职业棋手全程讲解、Al分析、LeelaMaster.LeelaZero、Elfgo、Minigo全程为棋迷提供对弈分析，查看实时胜率，Al复盘，随时邀请各国棋迷在线对弈。
忘忧围棋
忘忧围棋是一款专门针对手机用户而自主研发的人工智能人机对弈围棋游戏，拥有较强的棋力并附带近七万局名手对局棋谱，是世上最完善的棋谱库。同时忘忧围棋还提供围棋比赛直播功能，可以观看职业棋手比赛的现场直播。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋起源于中国，中国古代称为“弈”，距今已有4000多年的历史。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"围棋使用矩形格状棋盘及黑白二色圆形棋子进行对弈，棋子必须走在空格非禁着点的交叉点上，双方交替行棋，落子后不能移动或悔棋，以目数多者为胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKAsYYYAIQOCaOQVBu3e7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yWEoSk2u0EARXnbuqdhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6is28QqW2cIigHbsXMrzff"},,"attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b84c3fb5cb444ece9ed51961caea279d","width":587},"text":"","id":"doxcn0yq0aIgAAgu8s98rORsGIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋盘是方形的，由纵横各19条线组成。19╳19形成了361个交叉点。上有九个星，最中间的称“天元”，“元”是第一的意思，“天元”意为天空最高点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnogcmeCOGCeiiKOD16az2nh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyua6cUyUsysWi4eOlOQZrd"},,"attrs":{"height":633,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f01e55bf9ee040f99371e73059ab709b","width":777},"text":"","id":"doxcneMEg8AqCyS8coJQUi56znh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋的棋子分为黑白两色，黑子181枚，白子180枚，黑白子加起来是361枚，恰好和棋盘的点数相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIe06U4aaKSGGgBmDDrMLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIaSMmYcESQ4oVuCCSCffe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对局双方各执一色棋子，空枰开局，黑先白后，交替着一子于棋盘的点上。棋子下定后，不再向其他点移动。轮流下子是双方的权利，但允许任何一方放弃下子权而使用虚着。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKSCsMAUiIgy0exb1eFT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个棋子在棋盘上，与它直线紧邻的空点是这个棋子的“气“”。直线紧邻的点上如果有同色棋子存在，这些棋子就相互连接成一个不可分割的整体。直线紧邻的点上如果有异色棋子存在，此处的气便不存在。棋子如失去所有的气，就不能在棋盘上存在。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6waWKMOUgGYUUZiV8Uz5Ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"把无气之子清理出棋盘的手段叫提子。提子有二种：下子后，对方棋子无气，应立即提取对方无气之子。下子后，双方棋子都呈无气状态，应立即提取对方无气之子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8C2iaAyeAOO6WSedhU3plh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘上的任何一点,如某方下子后，该子立即呈无气状态，同时又不能提取对方的棋子。这个点叫做“禁着点”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIosCiqW80kcQnYVC6K1Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋局下到双方一致确认着子完毕时，为终局。对局中有一方中途认输时，为终局。双方连续使用虚着，为终局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsUiEmoGWwEwKaGiQY3mVqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"终局时，经双方确认，不能被提取的棋都是活棋。终局时，经双方确认，能被提取的棋都是死棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQ4ciUOumAUiiMuJDsS6yb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋术语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6A88eAIcI8cQvYVpTjk6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋术语是在围棋中用来表达某些特定概念和词语的称谓，它囊括了围棋的专用名词、理论知识以及竞赛规则和对局经验的许多内容，既是中国围棋文化千百年来不断发展的产物，也是人们学习围棋应该掌握的基本常识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEaiCs2yS2yMwhGdUtBCDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCISIGY4YK4M87y1rhXExe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsE84yay6WUWAIYeAn5G0fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在棋盘上，棋子与它直线紧紧相邻的空交叉点，就是这个棋子的“气”。单独一个棋子的气数不超过四气，但两个或两个以上相连的棋子则可以有四气以上。棋子若失去所有的气，就成为死棋，不能在棋盘上存在。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiCoCis4ic6oAZhoM73WFf"},,"attrs":{"height":348,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc2d4ef8756e48ca987a4fd073bd493c","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcngA4OoKa6MWQ86mdwYYFUxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu4gQMaGWEOeg2n7xVfyhse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘上，被一方棋子所围地域的空交叉点，称之为“目”。一个交叉点即是1目，目的数量称为“目数”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkW264GEoOCWqeQo5vdKb"},,"attrs":{"height":322,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb34c20359404727a3c2e62bf1aeeb5f","width":298},"text":"","id":"doxcnOGEmEMoWe6Ge2yL7OUxykb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"空","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWcSy06SQwYyeGERyFcbM0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用棋子围成的地域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEC8Oca0oCSSYklbbtTCeKg"},,"attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本概念","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce14fd87770645ef8ce7913e47570785","width":842},"text":"","id":"doxcn8CQQ60cEcAIoewuGkdewVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOgwmiewkG8wO8OqWPfxFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）即地域或空。指已为某方占有的地区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayGYsOaaASciY3bWiYfUpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"t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重要手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWmw6k6cMmIoGaa6npvpZ6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到对方出现孤棋，一定抓住机会进行攻击，争取吃掉对方以获取对局中的最大效率。这样往往会引起激烈的战斗，要经常审视围杀中自己出现的问题，否则非但歼敌不成反会断送自己。在攻击中完全歼灭对方一片棋的情况是不多的，多是通过攻击获得其他好处，其中之一即是扩展自己的领地，巩固己之本来不稳固的领地，也通过攻孤棋来达到目的。通过连续攻击压迫敌棋边角，也加强自己的外势，但要分析、计算好，在什么形势下有利,什么形势下不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsOG4wK2KyEuQ3zxUqbS8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从发展来看，治理孤棋首先考虑的是向中央出头。不能出头，被封住往往是吃亏的，除非逃不出时才行此下策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIwcAOM2cO6wucALeRD7Og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当遇到攻击，无法向中央出头时，有机会、有条件时可以联络到自己另一块棋上去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ag8IAmE4eUQGCP5JeRkYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如出头和渡过均不可能时只得就地求活，如单独活不成，则争取双活，如果双活亦不成时，应停止这一带的活动，停止得越早越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniISGEy4qwS4uGBg5Lg6Tob"},,"attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中局战略","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/99573fb416a5423e886c956d61c08bb8","width":685},"text":"","id":"doxcnYCICEWCqGG6CYt9QqBHBAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩小眼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk8ySMgGSs4C2HlEQk8qFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从周围挤压对方的棋的生存空间，使它不能有做成两只真眼的空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngwu44G8kkgEyi21WKFtqXg"},,"attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"缩小眼","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4db50b42ae1a4afe90a5fc57cd99861f","width":747},"text":"","id":"doxcngUGGcQaKieMwO2zBSJtBMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点中心点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCAcmegQiW0UCejTephuxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对方有一个中心点是做眼的要点，一旦被对手抢先，就能做出两个或两个以上的真眼。比如直三、弯三、刀把五、梅花六，这些棋形的中心点就是杀棋的要点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsQkMKUaIckWGOU6E2bnhc"},,"attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点中心点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/324dcc252b194e1884e24356144b0846","width":383},"text":"","id":"doxcnYuWcioQwGqGoiYLSRPE3ac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打劫杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0UUEuM6yEgI0nQaXLEAzy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在不能净杀的情况下，可以通过打劫来杀死对方，职业棋手往往擅长利用劫争一举获得优势。所以有时双方棋形的厚薄，劫材的多少，也是一盘棋的胜负关键，往往多一枚劫材就决定了大盘的胜负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGmcK0maaQaaA3tL3gXRIb"},,"attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"打劫杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3a8afe070e64febaf2cc2ffe57cce73","width":319},"text":"","id":"doxcnUqqmeemwia0sN7kKYLatrH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胀死牛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOumUaoYIYOQq4GAZov7Ofb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将对方点眼的棋子的外气全部紧完，在对方虎口里走一子，然后打吃对方，使对方不能连，将其胀死，称为“胀死牛”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKcMCsgci0mEOyCtKdDKAh"},,"attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胀死牛","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/664e00b06574407380b4551412ce31f4","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn62iQCq62MOUYwrjJIBTGzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKUaiGss6AiAW8RvnzxmJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局指围棋的开局走法，一般在几手到几十手的范围内。局棋的进行一般由布局、中盘、官子三个阶段构成，布局作为一局棋的初始阶段，奠定了整个棋局的骨架与脉络。对局双方各自抢占棋盘上的空地，同时尽量阻止对方占地，由此导入中盘战斗。围棋有谚语“金龟银边莫肚皮”即以国突效率而言魚上最高、中腹最差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO4uMY4qsI4C6B1lNnN84c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"围棋基本布局","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOesCUmmaKkmgXvTDlcmFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三连星","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMW6aCiAeayWw44RLYO0FHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即在边上星位连下三颗子，这一布局极易成大模样。对于另一方来说，必须有“钻地道"和"拆天桥”的能力，否则必败无疑。由于三个子都处在第四线上，故这种布局的侧重点不是占角，而是向中央发展。三连星的用意在于取势或构成模样，中央是它的主要战场，这是三连星的特征。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aOYq0k4Y68AyM1U6DKYoe"},,"attrs":{"height":496,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三连星","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b5d10c42ce64f8bbb0827727dff8d2e","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcnSC2MiGak46eocnQEicDFuh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二连星","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4MgMqogI2GwgVGVqS2wsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"较之三连星，二连星更为灵活多变，速度也快，并可视局部变化取地或取势，而不像三连星那样很容易就走上单一取势的道路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiSyieaMQKsovJKOhesOgK"},,"attrs":{"height":537,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二连星","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2736b097837a4d22bd444b46a56b9194","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn8qASQ80YGysWyWChdgTJCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中国流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUWo2M806EEiqyLYO7E4zx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它的外形与三连星相似，如果把它放平了看，有一种“桥”的感觉，因此在中国也叫做桥梁式布局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMm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讲解、Al分析、LeelaMaster.LeelaZero、Elfgo、Minigo全程为棋迷提供对弈分析，查看实时胜率，Al复盘，随时邀请各国棋迷在线对弈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIY4kWkYqWQaqM1xK1HHgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"忘忧围棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEo0WWqYI4S46K6uML3OESc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"忘忧围棋是一款专门针对手机用户而自主研发的人工智能人机对弈围棋游戏，拥有较强的棋力并附带近七万局名手对局棋谱，是世上最完善的棋谱库。同时忘忧围棋还提供围棋比赛直播功能，可以观看职业棋手比赛的现场直播。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna6CwQIG22u28GFHJPOI4Z6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGeKK0sUooA4MALq0CIJHTf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”，可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下，越来越多的考试采用答题卡，网上阅卷，字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此，在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。
写字习惯
从孩子一年级学习写字开始，掌握正确的写字姿势，养成良好的写字习惯，才有助于孩子的身体发育，视力保护，同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。
坐姿
孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点，要求做到：头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略，那就是双脚自然平放在地上，全脚掌着地，双腿分开约与肩同宽，此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。
同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”，也就是身体距桌子一拳，眼睛离课本一尺（约33厘米），握笔手指离笔尖约一寸（约3.3厘米），不含胸驼背。
坐端正后，还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央，摆正后再来书写，避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。
在孩子学习写字的初期，家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒，帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。
握笔姿势
握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的，做精细动作的能力较差，握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导，帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。
1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出
2、俩指轻合成圆环状。
3、笔杆穿过圆环，再由中指从下往上自然挺住，把笔杆固定在三角架中。
注意
1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米（约一寸）
2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。
练字前准备
选笔
练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头，而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字，因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习，无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。
铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性，能体现落笔的轻重，进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋，能做到顿笔、收笔的区别，使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。
1、铅笔
适合儿童和初学者，有助于表现笔画粗细，练出笔锋。
2、中性笔
价廉易取，容易控制，0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。
3、钢笔
最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大，需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。
选字帖
字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论，凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字，我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了，令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧，对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红，因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法，我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。
选字体
练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习，没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习，再进行楷书练习，最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此，如果跳过基础练习，直接进行大师字体临摹，很可能练习多年也不得要领，写不出好字。
正式练字
每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。
低年级
对于低年级的孩子来说，首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等，书写前需要认真观察，看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时，尽量仿照书中出示的楷体，一笔一画模仿写。
需要特别注意的有：
1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写，混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正！
2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中，大小适中，上下左右都要留出一定的位置。
3、学会观察字的结构，如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等，还要注意不同结构的占格，如“你”字左窄右宽，“卧”字左宽右窄。
4、学会观察重要笔画。
一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置，如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔，写在横中线下，从左到右微微向上倾斜。
“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多，每横之间的距离要基本相等。
左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”，如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。
最后一笔为“捺”时，如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展，渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋，不能写成“点”。
5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范，而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观，这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔，可以利用和教材配套的字帖，其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导；也可以将楷体字放大，先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点，再模仿练习。
中年级
在低年级把字写正确的基础上，中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时，孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展，书写更加熟练、自如，练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观，也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖，此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖，这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄，不便于书写；此外，离开了下面的“模子”，孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。
中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字，由铅笔到钢笔的转换，部分孩子可能不适应，而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的，正是因为如此，才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意，不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔，这样写字时可能更为整洁，但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。
还有一点需要提醒的是，中年级是孩子错别字的高发期，此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况，对于写错的字，应用规范的删除符号“/”划去，这样才能保证书面整洁。
高年级
等孩子到高年级，写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为“一篇字”，在写好每个字的基础上，注意字与字之间的间隔，行与行之间的空隙，追求整篇字的美观。
还要有意识地提高写字的速度，在保证字体规范、工整的前提下，尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的，例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话，而不是每次只看一个词或几个字；书写时不过于追求每个字的美观；字体大小适中；保持正确的握笔姿势；平时加强识字写字练习等。
练字步骤
控笔训练
从练字的角度，把控笔练习分为三个阶段：
第一阶段：协调力控笔训练。不管细节，只找感觉，这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力，纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。
第二阶段：精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习，切实注意起止位置，全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力，真正做到手笔合一。
第三阶段：美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。
扩展资料
首先，笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示，从笔画开始练字，我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下，用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等，久而久之，甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。
其次，笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化，要做到手笔合一，对于初学练字者来说，这是难上加难，而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后，练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边，这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。
第三，美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点，经过专门的美学训练，可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。
基础笔画训练
运笔的基本笔法：中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。
美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当，呈现出美的形态与神态，充满活力，或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔，归于自然。
中锋
即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时，笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位，落纸后，笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时，笔尖在笔画中间，两边的笔毫一齐用力，墨迹向两边渗透均匀，写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。
侧锋
侧锋又叫做偏锋，与中锋相对。侧锋用笔，笔入纸后，笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时，顺锋竖入，向右下顿笔，此时笔尖朝左上方，当我们向右稍拖带时，笔的运行方向是朝右的，笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画，往往一侧较厚实，一侧较单薄，这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。
“中锋取骨，侧锋取妍”，侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。
起笔、行笔、收笔
行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔，就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左边起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。
提笔、按笔
钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。
翻笔、折笔
翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑，如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇，都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折，都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而用力。
风格，指用锋的深浅。
使转和方圆
在书写的过程中，随点画之势运笔，带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来，用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使，钩环盘纡谓之转。”（王绂《论书》）。点画的“遣送”为使，点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实，“转”有虚，“转”更难。转笔作用很大，极须用意。它即是换笔，又是调笔，方法也需视情况而变。
写字口诀
小小一点要点好，学会顿笔很重要；
横要平，竖要直，撇有锋，捺有脚；
提钩要尖折有角，行笔轻快要记牢；
认真练习功夫到，笔画健美字才好。
18个基本笔画运笔示意图
一、长横
二、竖画
三、撇
四、点
五、卧钩
六、竖撇
七、竖弯钩
八、平捺
九、戈钩
十、垂露竖
十一、捺
十二、竖折
十三、竖钩
十四、提钩
十五、撇点
十六、平撇
十七、横撇
十八、横折
偏旁部首训练
汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配，是汉字的结构单位，是构成汉字的基础，重复出现的频率极高，具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定，并具有一定的书写规律，因此掌握偏旁部首的写法，狠抓偏旁部首，不失为一条最为有效的捷径，对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时，偏旁部首书写的正确与否，直接关系到字形的美观，所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前，有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时，掌握好一个偏旁部首，即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去，可达到事半功倍的效果。
汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种，一般归纳为：字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。
字头
字底
左偏旁
右偏旁
包围
认识字形结构
汉字的结构对称特点，主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义，它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线（面）为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲（完全重普或部分重叠），具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息，因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。
根据对称的种类及层次，结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况：
1、上下部件结构对称：如吕、昌等。
2、左右部件结构对称：如比、林、非等。
3、内外部件结构对称：如回等。
4、部分部件结构对称：如以中间部件为轴对称：如辩、斑等；字形下部的部件结构对称：如丽、翁等；字形上部的部件结构对称：如丛、琶等；字形左边的部件结构对称：如彬等，字形右边的部件结构对称：如琳等。
5、部件多层重叠的结构对称：如、鑫等。
6、独体字中的结构对称：如田、中等。 据作者初步统计，在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》（北京：语文出版社，1989）收集的7000个通用的汉字中，上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个，占通用汉字总数的8.74%。 其教学过程及步骤如下：
第一阶段：形象地显示自然界的对称规律。 大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此，可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段，让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体，双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称，从而使学生初步感知对称的美，并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。 第二阶段：直观地识别对称的基本的独体字 汉字的字形形象而多变，但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时，可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或CAI展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”，可首先展示雨景，让学生观察雨点方向，继而展示一个古时的“雨”字，最后展示演变至今的“雨”，引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的，而如果四点的方向不一，这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上，学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美，只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法，还可以让学生通过折折，剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折，画一个空心“口”字，再用剪刀剪出这个字，把这个“口”字打开来，就是“田”字。 第三阶段：分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。
当学生初步感知对称这一概念，学会了对称的独体字后，可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法，归类识别各种对称的合体字，并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。 ①字谜法 适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣，可让学生编字谜，师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱，三金是鑫”等等。 ②颜色标注法 适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分，如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”，右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等，对于以中间部件为轴对称的字，如班，可用色标标出其中间部分。 ③儿歌分解法 同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。 另外，当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后，还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字，激发学生字的兴趣。
规范字书写练习
购买适合自己的字贴进行练习。
1、司马彦|人教版课课练：字体规范、人教版教材适用（各年级都有）。
2、金枝叶|小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖：描红、临帖结合。
3、华夏万卷|人教版课本同步写字课字帖：内容系统全面（各年级都有）。
4、墨点|衡水体高中英语字帖：衡水体。
5、学才|小学生英语单元同步词汇：同步词汇。
6、六品堂|凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖：凹槽+临摹。
7、金枝叶|儿童初学者凹槽练字帖：幼儿、凹槽。
适合的字帖
1、清晰
按照现在的印刷技术，清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商，为了让字帖更清晰，更具有迷惑性，在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。
2、选择高端版本
所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了，难免会有误差。选择字帖，应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。
3、选择全彩色印刷
高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些，但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张，墨色深浅如何等等，好的全彩色字帖，都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹，并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。
4、复制品
复制品的概念，可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品，其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的，它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力，墨色，纸张的颜色，气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素，它都有。
5、字帖有标明尺寸
这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸，才会判断出来原作到底有多大，字有多大，线条有多粗，然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”，可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下，越来越多的考试采用答题卡，网上阅卷，字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此，在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从孩子一年级学习写字开始，掌握正确的写字姿势，养成良好的写字习惯，才有助于孩子的身体发育，视力保护，同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点，要求做到：头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略，那就是双脚自然平放在地上，全脚掌着地，双腿分开约与肩同宽，此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”，也就是身体距桌子一拳，眼睛离课本一尺（约33厘米），握笔手指离笔尖约一寸（约3.3厘米），不含胸驼背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后，还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央，摆正后再来书写，避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子学习写字的初期，家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒，帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},,"attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc4ee17a03c148cd881f3c5f5b6ebba9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的，做精细动作的能力较差，握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导，帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、俩指轻合成圆环状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔杆穿过圆环，再由中指从下往上自然挺住，把笔杆固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},,"attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cccc6635bd24beb88213ecdf1d71d22","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米（约一寸）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头，而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字，因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习，无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性，能体现落笔的轻重，进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋，能做到顿笔、收笔的区别，使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合儿童和初学者，有助于表现笔画粗细，练出笔锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},,"attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8878a6068ba7421b994fbb4384d38a98","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"价廉易取，容易控制，0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},,"attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c18e26021a2408db3351aeda1686878","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大，需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-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细的指导；也可以将楷体字放大，先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点，再模仿练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay8USSG0MUEQwv3u1opETd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在低年级把字写正确的基础上，中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时，孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展，书写更加熟练、自如，练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观，也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖，此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖，这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄，不便于书写；此外，离开了下面的“模子”，孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGc8U8cmwsiWMrFoDaob5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字，由铅笔到钢笔的转换，部分孩子可能不适应，而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的，正是因为如此，才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意，不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔，这样写字时可能更为整洁，但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoYsIEyiWEw8aYJxtOxP0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一点需要提醒的是，中年级是孩子错别字的高发期，此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况，对于写错的字，应用规范的删除符号“/”划去，这样才能保证书面整洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoAImC0KogQgqOJph9p7gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4SQIkoiSU4IUpo7iSu68e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等孩子到高年级，写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“一篇字”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，在写好每个字的基础上，注意字与字之间的间隔，行与行之间的空隙，追求整篇字的美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKguAAMKU602YSF9hNTxFcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还要有意识地提高写字的速度，在保证字体规范、工整的前提下，尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的，例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话，而不是每次只看一个词或几个字；书写时不过于追求每个字的美观；字体大小适中；保持正确的握笔姿势；平时加强识字写字练习等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamWQuaGagUY0ghN11D4Vxb"},,"attrs":{"height":474,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8635909b05543cbbe13507be3c5f6c0","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMGsmWmqKse647ZSlt9JXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weoyUkG8G4k0o7a4FKftc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUgqWC4ec02e4sNAebFOfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从练字的角度，把控笔练习分为三个阶段：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGM64YaYMOKegR8CkxUXpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段：协调力控笔训练。不管细节，只找感觉，这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力，纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScumSaSQc8I2cbLhMEjYS5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二阶段：精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习，切实注意起止位置，全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力，真正做到手笔合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段：美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示，从笔画开始练字，我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下，用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等，久而久之，甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次，笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化，要做到手笔合一，对于初学练字者来说，这是难上加难，而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后，练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边，这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点，经过专门的美学训练，可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础笔画训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的基本笔法：中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当，呈现出美的形态与神态，充满活力，或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔，归于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时，笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位，落纸后，笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时，笔尖在笔画中间，两边的笔毫一齐用力，墨迹向两边渗透均匀，写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋又叫做偏锋，与中锋相对。侧锋用笔，笔入纸后，笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时，顺锋竖入，向右下顿笔，此时笔尖朝左上方，当我们向右稍拖带时，笔的运行方向是朝右的，笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画，往往一侧较厚实，一侧较单薄，这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中锋取骨，侧锋取妍”，侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔、行笔、收笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns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id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照现在的印刷技术，清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商，为了让字帖更清晰，更具有迷惑性，在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、选择高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了，难免会有误差。选择字帖，应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些，但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张，墨色深浅如何等等，好的全彩色字帖，都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹，并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、复制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复制品的概念，可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品，其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的，它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力，墨色，纸张的颜色，气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素，它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有标明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸，才会判断出来原作到底有多大，字有多大，线条有多粗，然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”，是偏重于楷书书写笔法，比楷书行笔自由，又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强，书写速度快、易识易学。
行楷特点
行笔轻盈
书写楷书，运笔稳实、缓慢，笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷，运笔轻松、便捷，线条追求流畅、明快。
点画灵动
书写楷书，笔画造型完整，点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷，点画活泼，连带显露，点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。
字形多变
楷书的字形平正端庄，通篇整齐均匀，相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿，通篇大小相间，正敧相错，同一个字可以有多种写法。
硬笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
推荐的坐姿：头正、肩平、臂开、足安；眼离纸一尺高，手离笔尖一寸长，胸离桌子拳头，推荐坐姿如下图。
握姿
推荐的握姿：拇指、食指捏住笔，中指抵住笔杆底；余下两指紧相依，指离笔尖一寸余；五指配合齐用力，不松不紧最适宜，推荐握姿如下图。
工具
选笔
1、钢笔
钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：
（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；
（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；
（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。
中性笔
中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。
中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：
（1）书写流度。笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；
（2）握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；
（3）墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。
3、其他笔
除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。
字帖
分类
字帖大体可分为三类：（1）笔画结构详解类（2）集字类（3）语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本，有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本，基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动，2019年10月24日初步定型，所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》（图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》（图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类，《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。
图1
图2
推荐字帖
当代有大量优秀行楷字帖，比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行（楷）字帖。
昊玉生的行楷字站：《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。
田英章的行（楷）字帖：《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧（行书）》、《现代汉语常用3500字（行书）》等。
钱沛云的行（楷）字帖：《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。
对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好，但是也要避雷。
选择字帖三不选：不选折凹槽类字帖；不选手写体类字帖；不选大幅度描红类字帖。
纸
练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。
重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。
另外，有以下几个点可以注意：
（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。
（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。
（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。
练字内容
从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度，至少会从章法、结构、笔画（划）三方面进行解读，这三方面即是要练字的内容。
章法
章法是安排布置整幅作品中，字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法，它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等，利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。
结构
结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看，合体字分为七种，即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构，巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理，传达的视觉效果越好。
笔画（划）
永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹，反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点，是最基础也是最核心的，务必加倍重视。
练字方式
临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径，但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提：读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分：读帖、摹写、临写。
读帖
读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程，初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重，笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应，字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采，才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言，应从其点画开始，观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等，再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法，最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点，为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言，就比如不止选择的两本字帖，往往起到一个相辅相成的作用，为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察，不止使用的行楷字帖，不像古帖变化较多，容易学习，方便掌握。
摹写
市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上，按照影子描写（或者猫红）。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖，做到心中有数。摹写过程中，尽量与原帖的用笔一致，单字书写一气呵成，不可存在?笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊，不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑，故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。
临写
临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。
1、对临
可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端，便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化，对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可，可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围，不必拘泥形式。基于读帖，写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析，找到不足做出标记，再次临写，循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。
2、背临
在读帖，摹写，对临这些过程中，应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆，将字帖熟记于心，合帖临写，通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练，这种方式就好比背语文课文，作为一种检查手段的同时，也是在巩固字体的练习，以形成记忆模式，达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好，一旦离开字站，不管是字形还是结构都降了层次，这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用，想要到达这一目的，背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式：空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求，完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上，通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖，在脑中再现每一笔每一画，这种方式适合睡觉前时用。
3、意临
在临写时注入了自己的主观意识，意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题：练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识，这是一种正常的现象，但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题，到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维，切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种，第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上，使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现；第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上，使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。
注意事项
三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率，需要我们注意如下几点：
1、多临少摹
不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合，以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短，未必不是一种好的方法。
2、循序渐进
一般而言，从摹写到临写，各项练习方法应当有效穿插，相互作为辅助关系。
3、先专后博
比如不止选择的两本字帖，先《实用行楷字帖》，后《林数因语录行楷》，两本字帖虽然都是荆香鹏的字，但有差别。先打好基础，解决好笔画结构，再进入长篇幅的练习。同时也可以找书家其他字帖，进行广泛吸收。
4、点面结合
在练习前期，笔画与结构的练习往往是结合在一起。由于诸多现代字帖制作是由字体库生成，相同的字没有变化，极有利于练习（也有弊端，不够灵动）。练习中后期，笔画、结构、章法相互穿插练习，可以进行通临，形成面到点，点到面的良性循环。
5、讲究实效
练字不是抄字，做事要做有用功，每一笔、每一字都需要精益求精，不求数量求质量。当今生活节奏过快，部分人练习时总想急于求成，练字不是一朝一夕的事，讲究效率的同时也要注重坚持。
行楷技巧
连写笔画
写行楷书，往往将相邻的笔画连写，以方便书写。
引用草书
为增强行书的流动笔意，注重牵丝连带，调节行气，也可以把人们比较熟悉的草字直接串写在行楷书中。
简化字形
行楷书书写时，由于连写笔画，可以适当减少笔画数、简化了字形，使书写更加便捷。
改变笔顺
行楷书为了连写方便，有一些字改变了楷书的笔画顺序。总体上要保证美感，章法布局上要讲究错落有致，空间布白。
略带斜势
行楷书在书写时，为行笔连带方便，横可以大幅度上斜，字形略带斜势，自成新的体势。
大小相间
行楷书在排行书写时，字形大小，随其自然，大小相间，使行气更加流畅自然。
章法布局排列
字的大小讲究有大有小，错落有致，相得益彰，这样能够使整体更加美观大方。
规律技巧
左短右长
是指左部偏旁较右部要短、而且小。书写时，左部要写小、并略靠上一些，为右部写宽长一些留出位置。这类字的右部往往有撇画向左部的下方伸展，要恰到好处，不能伸的太长。比如：听、作、观等。
左高右低
点竖对正
指在一个字中，有上下两个中竖者，两个中竖应当垂直对正。竖能对正，则字身不倒。在许多字中，中竖决定字的重心，安放位置对与错就决定了这个字的好坏。
左斜右正
凡左右结构者，以左斜右正者居多，左斜为呼，右正为应，有呼无应，字势必殇，有应无呼，无源之水，均不能立，呼者以斜而取势，应者以平而安神，呈左动而右稳，书呼疾而应迟。
左宽右窄
撇捺不相连
上展下收
横长撇短
上紧下松
书写要点
行楷入门，以吴玉生行楷字为例。
常用字“大”字虽然笔画简单，但并不好写，眼睛一看就会，但是写出来总觉得姿态别扭。
为了方便记忆，下面我把“大”字书写要点归结为“3直1弯”。
①横画要直，用中横，要果断，粗壮有力，不宜带弧度；
②竖撇竖要直；
③捺画前半段要直；
④竖撇跨过横画之后，急转弯，弧度非常大。
毛笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
写毛笔字以坐姿为主。一则练二三寸大楷字无须站立，坐着写就行了；二则坐着省力又利于凝神聚气，注意力容易集中。主张写二三寸大楷模也要用立姿的主要原因是为了练习悬肘，其实坐着写也照样可以用悬肘法，关键是方法要正确。正确的坐姿应该是头正、身直、臂开、足安”（见图下)。
头正：指书写时头要摆正，不可偏侧。
身直：指身体要平正、坐直，两肩齐平，当然直立不是要昂首挺胸，而应该肩背放松，自然下沉，身子略向前倾，胸口与桌面保持一多的间隔，切忌弯腰驼背，甚至将下巴枕靠在左手背上。
臂开：指手臂要往前伸开些，同时两臂的肘关节也要向左右撑开，两边基本匀称。
足安：是指两只脚自然地平稳着地，两腿左右略微分开，其位置与肩宽基本相等，肌肉放松。
站姿
站着写毛笔字身子可略往前倾，头部正直稍微有些下俯，左手掌按住桌面上的纸，右手近于伸直，执笔的姿势也要随着站立而改变，手享下覆，手背与手臂几乎成一平面。两脚分开站稳，双足之间的距离与肩宽大致相等。书写时用手腕、手臂的运动来完成；如果写特别大的字，甚至要用腰部的运动来书写，两脚可再分开些，使书写动作可大一些。执笔方法也应随之而变化。
工具
选笔
毛笔
不同阶段，不同水平，学习不同的书体，练习大小不同的字，对应的毛笔也是不同的。
推荐实体店购买，而非网店购买。网店上的东西看不清摸不着，仅能通过几张图片来判断，这种判断方法很难看的真切，因此很多人发现上了当。而在实体店可以好好观察，也可以根据不同的价格的毛笔进行一个对比，从而择优购买，有问题也能在现场发现。
用笔最好还是选择品牌笔，价格虽是稍高点，但质量比较可靠，包括用料和工艺。
范本
平时多看名帖、看书法展、看名家挥毫。从好作品中汲取养分。推荐的以下范本。
书写原则
1、线条坚而浑——激情原自线条的熟练。线是力和势的组合，行笔要沉着痛快，做到稳健、轻便，重笔势(即趋向)，根据字形大小排字的走向，线条斜势，整体纵向走势。
2、结体奇而稳——注意重心。欹侧、擒纵、疏密、高低。
3、章法变而贯——竹节式(几个字一节)节数间有空隙;贯珠式(中心线);蛇行式(左右摆动);疏影式(疏疏朗朗)。
布局要点
1、一字不能成行。
2、字与字之间有呼应，上承下启，左映右带，行距和字距不能相等。书眼放中央，可大些，字与周边气贯。
3、整体上展出适合墨迹浓重的作品。挂家中适合疏淡的作品。
4、作品中不能有错别字，异体字不过于冷僻。
5、作品整体布局上面重下面轻。
6、评作品好坏主要看总体视觉效果：节奏、墨色、用笔。
7、三三两两，似散还续，气脉一贯，此布局之妙也。
书写技巧
行楷的连带
笔画连带是行楷书的核心，唯有连带，方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外，还有一些特殊的连带。
1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字，笔顺改变后，连带顺畅，书写便利。
2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字，笔画合并后，两笔并作一笔，使得上下连贯。3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画，为了不妨碍连笔，就省略掉了，虽然省略了，但是仍易于辨认。
4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字，这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写，用象形笔法勾勒出来，由于约定俗成，已被大家所接受。
要练好行楷，关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线，注意上下衔接，突出主要笔画，减少对笔画的修饰，尽量一气呵成，使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略，随意自然，行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。
书写特点
行楷的书写特点是连、变、省，其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由，用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。
行楷的点画
行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满，前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法：
行楷的横画
行楷字横画多数带钩，与前后笔画呼应或者连接，有长短、精细、俯仰等变化，如果数横并列，要有长短参差，笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用，因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。
行楷的竖画
行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬，要适当取斜势或弯曲，收笔有悬针，有垂露，有带钩，有弯弧，但必须把力用到笔端，切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。
行楷的撇画
行楷字的撇有多种姿态，要注意长短、曲直的变化，书写时常常回锋，做到伸缩有度，与捺相配时要有变化，不能呆板。
行楷的捺画
捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔，有时写成反捺或长点出锋，但要注意带曲，回锋的方向要有变化。
行楷的提画
提又称挑，常在左右结构字左旁的末笔，与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲
行楷的折画
行楷字的折画有圆有方，圆转多于方折，圆度要润，方折要顿。
行楷的钩画
行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩，可以加钩起连带作用，但要生动求变，饱满有劲，切忌软弱、尖细。
书写关键
八面出锋
借助于八面出锋，自然显出墨色浓淡，湿中有干，干中有湿，浓中有淡，淡中有浓，变化千万，使作品富有节奏感。
刚柔相济
刚力—铁划银钩(粗)：柔力—行云流水(细)。
惜墨如金
要求蘸一次墨写一个字，甚至数字。
豁然开朗
留白处有宽有窄，宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾，到解决矛盾的过程。
中侧并用
中锋得法立骨，侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求，是书法审美的核心所在；侧锋是情性的化身，是书法通神的手段。
深思熟虑
创作前要深思熟虑，反复推敲，做到“胸有成竹”。
一气呵成
书法是感情的流露，不是技巧的表现，要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒，一气呵成。
错落有致
一般情况下，作品的行距要宽，字距要紧。字忌并列，要错开。节数间有空隙，排列组合要有节奏，大小字参差，突出中间书眼。
笔情墨趣
书法是无声的音乐，无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应，使整体和谐，有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔，用笔略慢，动中有静，写出墨趣。
重视贯气
书法的气，是指点划与不同字之间的呼应，字与字之间的趋向。
书写方法
读帖
要练眼，即认真读帖。读帖是基础，要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等，眼高是手高的前提，对字形要善于观察、分析和比较，大致相同的字合成一类，举一反三，达到事半功倍的效果。
练脑
要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上，要把示范字牢牢地记在心里，只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心，深深地刻在大脑里，才能熟练运用。无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状，做到胸有成帖，脑有成字。
练手
练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写，心中能想出字的最好效果，手下却不一定能写出来，因为脑不一定能指挥得了手，手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界，所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。
练结构
要写好行楷，结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构，大家可以写写黑体字，通过这种字体把结构进行校正，然后加以变化，写其他的字体也就容易一些。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”，是偏重于楷书书写笔法，比楷书行笔自由，又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强，书写速度快、易识易学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYsIAc6q8UAHoupFfA6Jv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaukOIYUqu4uirDWImLVhI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAAg4qCUSo6KGuqFDmvpHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书，运笔稳实、缓慢，笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷，运笔轻松、便捷，线条追求流畅、明快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcIycGWM0kCICoARw4h31d"},,"attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07aa7d0ff2be4e8585dc8f7287a33c88","width":366},"text":"","id":"doxcn6eaIKe6qku4eQygEUM7n3y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4Kq6GGeMC4MyScd0OabDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书，笔画造型完整，点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷，点画活泼，连带显露，点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EEM4UIOggMSo7KjntZCAh"},,"attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37d3a92a963c4e908f3f31e1a7a3a649","width":372},"text":"","id":"doxcnqC8oAwiiumKUstBwpBAjpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC82UOSaoAq8GG4UbvbUo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的字形平正端庄，通篇整齐均匀，相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿，通篇大小相间，正敧相错，同一个字可以有多种写法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2iekUmMgo6SoiiSs7V6a1b"},,"attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b53a66166e1243ab8eea03c77eef8915","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYAgCE6gSM4g1SmRmWs7Qz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行楷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oSKw6Oa06U2gVS19IetNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08qmQYAGsSkyOI8DWpi9Nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciMciCmG8IcCEjBHGJk0Qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的坐姿：头正、肩平、臂开、足安；眼离纸一尺高，手离笔尖一寸长，胸离桌子拳头，推荐坐姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKokEyOQEISoEwPbLbaS4id"},,"attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2518cd45688c4c88b6ad0dc26fa83e68","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4soUKQwKyCCofbdKxjsEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsMwykeKq0umedSoMmVrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的握姿：拇指、食指捏住笔，中指抵住笔杆底；余下两指紧相依，指离笔尖一寸余；五指配合齐用力，不松不紧最适宜，推荐握姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssCokGGekg8G0UAgW0iUxh"},,"attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6ecdf5dcd674c09844ac3b09d317014","width":260},"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuiweyaGmqkWfgdUpbvhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IQSKyg8eYQ8esyWOtcVuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoWqeCaqQiKKEbPWJleqze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaCk2M6ME8eGaSyV44e6Jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG6Ye4omiYEAOs7UZGKLvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2asmUM8Oc0umYs2RnCLXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcSUoiKOMOAwolSDNeSgqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWSoWCMyIac2wXg8H0vTNc"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/143c124cd04042ea8e2dd086dadce517","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnOimsEeYcU8IUycD6KwzYRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIOqO4UKUsKiiWblbtqV0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y80ucmkMEo6Yz690kipzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguKWaAyGiU82m24DES6LJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）书写流度。笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OAiAKuiw0QKML7J6o8XXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMYeAmYkKcOUUrxYq3Fise"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIu0Qi2uKKokktaSU61gZb"},,"attrs":{"height":292,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee9abf52df3142ed8665577f90f381e6","width":387},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOQGKEUeqI8k6lAdfDViic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicWAAEOqkAOKA627mdwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ccAiu6KEUGc6M6v7YNFyg"},,"attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9668d13228a408d98ce10dd0a8b874c","width":250},"text":"","id":"doxcnIegGkuSKW6c6wBzbOOPyRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEOyUqOQMmWQslzECcIJRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWSUaMQmYO0kAf24i8PFTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大体可分为三类：（1）笔画结构详解类（2）集字类（3）语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本，有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本，基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动，2019年10月24日初步定型，所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》（图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》（图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类，《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmkI4QYAAcE8kz0fC7TfKe"},,"attrs":{"height":317,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/365b0cf1b3844a10a47844acbbdcef35","width":235},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOqYYIE8owM6GIVhk2ea3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42scOaQC6SGCE3OExmp20g"},,"attrs":{"height":320,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b702530ab255456e99171f65f0130fec","width":247},"text":"","id":"doxcnsumocemYQSk6yoqAhf6Adc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnce6CcqocmQocA7Zw4FETee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOIQQM0OwgagFMW09R8td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当代有大量优秀行楷字帖，比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行（楷）字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuo6u84MkgeoQS0nh3cTNhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"昊玉生的行楷字站：《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyY28seoq2m08jMdTLPxkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的行（楷）字帖：《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧（行书）》、《现代汉语常用3500字（行书）》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSMqau4qCoMm2XxlNGJJyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钱沛云的行（楷）字帖：《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy4Y2iKkqcOUMXXyjbwRkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好，但是也要避雷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CS4AYcuOkW4qIygeJROZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择字帖三不选：不选折凹槽类字帖；不选手写体类字帖；不选大幅度描红类字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngE80Gokgqkao6zWC2vsfsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ0gAgC4M6kaQ0owxeYyZoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqSommKokAMWXsjLxZ3xLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OAM2WWoY4YOyYiYNBddyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，有以下几个点可以注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAMw6gCwuOeeiSIj3962rg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCey64Ue0CCyUGstIqsePWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Mei0Mi22YGOgvnvvFwmqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCgECqqU08WuGr3c4sImyT"},,"attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcd041337a694ecb8a11c3ce054340b9","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcngMeGwYSmIwUUa0uTFIdCoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMuA00AusuW8AnUVouKs0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度，至少会从章法、结构、笔画（划）三方面进行解读，这三方面即是要练字的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uW6WqcQQUws0SXcSdnWrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0IiMSkSoICs0ivuP8j0Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法是安排布置整幅作品中，字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法，它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等，利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsusugEusaIo8MvXg33O1nd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwY2Cok0I4kKa6vEwygEJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看，合体字分为七种，即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构，巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理，传达的视觉效果越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssuKaGa0MoAsuAwL2Ii3nh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画（划）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeOGiAiIIeW0IKQDaEEH5I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹，反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点，是最基础也是最核心的，务必加倍重视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAmUuyA0CaaswvbgJ0S7Ch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKCygkWcIKGKUPHW5pSzxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径，但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提：读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分：读帖、摹写、临写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0UMscWAuQkIe5yqi2MeT9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAAk82w28KUOIRlF1S8QLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程，初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重，笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应，字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采，才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言，应从其点画开始，观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等，再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法，最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点，为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言，就比如不止选择的两本字帖，往往起到一个相辅相成的作用，为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察，不止使用的行楷字帖，不像古帖变化较多，容易学习，方便掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mgYAAAQOMywycRkaO2uCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"摹写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gYSEGaCkcOkiUDVAvGzle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上，按照影子描写（或者猫红）。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖，做到心中有数。摹写过程中，尽量与原帖的用笔一致，单字书写一气呵成，不可存在?笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊，不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑，故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqAyo4S6CCSaYTmdDAzshe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iM4OiYag0WcQD61VKxzDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygOUcU2IMMCIs1Ye474JJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、对临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni62qGqSGoUMUYNDoHeenTw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端，便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化，对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可，可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围，不必拘泥形式。基于读帖，写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析，找到不足做出标记，再次临写，循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyUQQaEEiUwKsF3SWiJp0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、背临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2S06sa2kckwDN9brm2NLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在读帖，摹写，对临这些过程中，应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆，将字帖熟记于心，合帖临写，通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练，这种方式就好比背语文课文，作为一种检查手段的同时，也是在巩固字体的练习，以形成记忆模式，达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好，一旦离开字站，不管是字形还是结构都降了层次，这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用，想要到达这一目的，背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式：空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求，完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上，通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖，在脑中再现每一笔每一画，这种方式适合睡觉前时用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQ2kOYemq2qmcI1ebeInc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、意临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKoeUoysIM2gE9Ezj6O0Yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在临写时注入了自己的主观意识，意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题：练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识，这是一种正常的现象，但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题，到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维，切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种，第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上，使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现；第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上，使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuu2QQuummUchftaOlYJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEKqU8MukMwuYLyVM9eJ0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率，需要我们注意如下几点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4ci6OkEmCu4Mv7B1q8ayg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、多临少摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UsGEYE2qa4kSq81ldYrEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合，以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短，未必不是一种好的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kGcQuiKocsIHa0TtdvKh9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、循序渐进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA0wMeKukUIs7pBA3jNXG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般而言，从摹写到临写，各项练习方法应当有效穿插，相互作为辅助关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weMMgcMgICQgHri9JdLFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、先专后博","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosUWSoIk4MEIiqC3FlueHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如不止选择的两本字帖，先《实用行楷字帖》，后《林数因语录行楷》，两本字帖虽然都是荆香鹏的字，但有差别。先打好基础，解决好笔画结构，再进入长篇幅的练习。同时也可以找书家其他字帖，进行广泛吸收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWW4cQko8gm8SWEZ20ELjhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、点面结合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy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}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4iqiYKKmE0moI7XxDzVdXq"},,"attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"布局要点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5dcacce4cad4010ad94c4bf926d1548","width":360},"text":"","id":"doxcns2q6MuQS2OYkUFUYR1XDYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAKwy8akk2GOlNevr7eyNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的连带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0o6uA0YYe8CuWrldoHTie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画连带是行楷书的核心，唯有连带，方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外，还有一些特殊的连带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8SYyoAsoSocOZIZBKiU7L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字，笔顺改变后，连带顺畅，书写便利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsCykwUwgQyCkXIu4UVJFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字，笔画合并后，两笔并作一笔，使得上下连贯。3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画，为了不妨碍连笔，就省略掉了，虽然省略了，但是仍易于辨认。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOYy6OeoucYkqYfm5oVPIeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字，这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写，用象形笔法勾勒出来，由于约定俗成，已被大家所接受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYscSugg4ga4kJKzB7wtCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练好行楷，关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线，注意上下衔接，突出主要笔画，减少对笔画的修饰，尽量一气呵成，使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略，随意自然，行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCQCeMou2CkAyyiNa3Bstg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4o0MYkUE0UmWeKpQb4cxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的书写特点是连、变、省，其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由，用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2aqCSqMucQ6GriKynPoIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0C64w46QSqsstlt7yH0yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满，前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIEQKUwOsoeM8sP960iQHb"},,"attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7cd854fd45e4de899fe8863de596e9b","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcncYgsUyM4sSS66mhva0NHhB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKYyC4eEYoIkKPxkgIr9ixK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字横画多数带钩，与前后笔画呼应或者连接，有长短、精细、俯仰等变化，如果数横并列，要有长短参差，笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用，因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaCsoG2GAoQwukjtCX0n69"},,"attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5deb7f3e889460583b771ccb2bd1748","width":537},"text":"","id":"doxcn8UuYcU88As6k4KiNBFM5Pc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQ8Kmyc4S0G0qOuxQZlEme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬，要适当取斜势或弯曲，收笔有悬针，有垂露，有带钩，有弯弧，但必须把力用到笔端，切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsACQSQmYUmE8jtVztVsRf"},,"attrs":{"height":592,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ebe6c6e082e402290371396cd7a13d5","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcnuE8UyyK64ME6moE7zHbUlf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCeWYWmogs4Kqgp8hCMKvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的撇有多种姿态，要注意长短、曲直的变化，书写时常常回锋，做到伸缩有度，与捺相配时要有变化，不能呆板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI6SMqOyMs8SMGqegxzJXld"},,"attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44e54987821142888f501960daa7e3b5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwKQKEG66I4qI0Ia4oXvH3c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcaosE8KQAIwmEE9pflz0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔，有时写成反捺或长点出锋，但要注意带曲，回锋的方向要有变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQMqOIEkuOiUeKfhqJ8rVT"},,"attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/631e14ee1c724642961a834cbfc47eba","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnUOe46mkCgIoICQmdDa8Rrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CUkIkSq6YUaYdnIpKqHwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提又称挑，常在左右结构字左旁的末笔，与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4MK8QuaAOYm40WLzS0TJie"},,"attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba0891e62d549ff937195b34bf9e80f","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcncCkuYouk6ssmsT06ZDxoSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8eOy0ks4EQqIljp7jUr0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的折画有圆有方，圆转多于方折，圆度要润，方折要顿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmy4CU0MgcoSUVQHAqYB2g"},,"attrs":{"height":423,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8711dc90e7e642dd95cf0e67a20bae36","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWY2wyEWWQkKQMztqVyBQch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的钩画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwMi8eu2s8S06UT3SKzm9F"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩，可以加钩起连带作用，但要生动求变，饱满有劲，切忌软弱、尖细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwswImyS0Oae46NA7C35mlb"},,"attrs":{"height":779,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/776ce9e7ba5b460383868d7eb282e824","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnG4Wy24uac42aYRHOKhrDEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6o86MmeMUcmkkHLBcIqxCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八面出锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoI2owY4EG8qINNFHuTY6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"借助于八面出锋，自然显出墨色浓淡，湿中有干，干中有湿，浓中有淡，淡中有浓，变化千万，使作品富有节奏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi6CSowM8wIuYzm00qxlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚柔相济","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKG0SSqAMiiUG2RJNSagMo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"铁划银钩(粗)：柔力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"行云流水(细)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0AyiWK04co8UJir8F7Tkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"惜墨如金","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU22cm6iiwWIUgtSXfFRqed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求蘸一次墨写一个字，甚至数字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSwgo86II24yiOONHJDHNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豁然开朗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmygKyu8gAiQ6OplD7osqVp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留白处有宽有窄，宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾，到解决矛盾的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQG04OK2ke0U0gN2BO9SEhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中侧并用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsOk8Kq6uaoieE67PtMfad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋得法立骨，侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求，是书法审美的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"核心所在；","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧锋是情性的化身，是书法通神的手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYscu8skYuWMnl6PLQWXcM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深思熟虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQI8EcImyUakEyabawOXpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创作前要深思熟虑，反复推敲，做到“胸有成竹”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4mKQIMo68siohfwOjuh5a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一气呵成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmGoe46o6aOGYrkbQGiTJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是感情的流露，不是技巧的表现，要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒，一气呵成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4SeYSQgyyEc2B0GHS46Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yIwmIsgGwYGEvjjQ0Bxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下，作品的行距要宽，字距要紧。字忌并列，要错开。节数间有空隙，排列组合要有节奏，大小字参差，突出中间书眼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgs6IawSuwA8e6o12XYVkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔情墨趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoi2iO4OCGWGwHrtxBjXhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是无声的音乐，无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应，使整体和谐，有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔，用笔略慢，动中有静，写出墨趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAGSyYusYGaA0YK4jiARyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重视贯气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUwWOeuwYI0wOoZ4Dee31c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法的气，是指点划与不同字之间的呼应，字与字之间的趋向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAAmUk0uIGQYmKljTaPVSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwm44O4Q6GY8CuarhxCvxeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMKmOesQEoQmUUPRMutQo4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练眼，即认真读帖。读帖是基础，要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等，眼高是手高的前提，对字形要善于观察、分析和比较，大致相同的字合成一类，举一反三，达到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUisQUE2w4M8VEjN2dz4D6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYyqqQ0SUumUUuinEBUVCsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上，要把示范字牢牢地记在心里，只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心，深深地刻在大脑里，才能熟练运用。无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状，做到胸有成帖，脑有成字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyU28iuMaKMEUs12rquz09b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6Oi8EeSe8qkkNRUT9nOQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写，心中能想出字的最好效果，手下却不一定能写出来，因为脑不一定能指挥得了手，手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界，所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcskIEmeugIo2l4FqNoh6J"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISwyugGwWSIkEPvx6PS7Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要写好行楷，结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构，大家可以写写黑体字，通过这种字体把结构进行校正，然后加以变化，写其他的字体也就容易一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoScscSKaGWEK47RWMAFSAf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E好了，文章到此结束，希望可以帮助到大家。
