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质量数：是将原子内所有质子和中子的相对质量取近似整数值相加而得到的数值，是相对的
由于一个质子和一个中子相对质量取近似整数值时均为1
所以
质量数（A）=质子数（Z）+中子数（N）
其数值近似于相对原子质量，但是不等同
元素原子的质量是指该原子的实际质量，质量很小的
不等于啊，质量数（A）=质子数（Z）+中子数（N）
1mol该元素的摩尔质量可以近似等于其质量数。
不一定吧1）a＝z+n,为整数值，相对原子质量只有c12为整数值；2）相对原子质量的近似整数值一般等于质量数，但有时不是，因为相对原子质量的近似整数值是1.007z+1.008n再取整，而质量数是直接先将质子和中子质量约为1，再加合。当然现在相对原子质量的近似整数值等于质量数，如果中子和质子非常多呢？3）现在，质量数可以代替相对原子质量计算。综上，应该是不相等吧。
“光速不变原理”和“愚蠢的人看不见新衣原理”都属于无法验证的真理，相对论是真伪在于“光速不变原理”是否是科学理论。
迈克尔逊莫雷实验结果不能证明光速不变原理，迈克斯韦方程组不能证明光速不变原理，相对论完全是一个毫无根据的理论。
迈克尔逊莫雷实验有人说是用太阳光作为光源，也有人说是用钠灯作为光源，而这些光源能发生干涉现象吗？这些都不是单一频率的光源属于不相干光源。
即使迈克尔逊莫雷实验使用的是相干光源，光具有波动性，波的传播速度只与介质的温度密度等物理状态有关，与介质的运动速度无关。迈克尔逊莫雷实验测试到的光速是光在实验装置周围空气中的传播速度，这个传播速度是由实验装置周围的空气状态决定的，只是光在相同状态的空气中传播，以其通过的空气为参照系的速度不变而已，引申到任何参照系是无根据的。
即使迈克尔逊莫雷实验使用单一频率的相干光源，当这束光分开后，是会产生多普勒效应的，分开后的两束光的频率会发生改变，变成两束不同频率的光线，合并后这两束不同频率的光线，必定会产生的干涉现象，但不同频率的波产生的干涉现象是杂乱不明显的。
在迈克斯韦方程组中，电磁波是需要传播介质的，物理学中计算运动速度时有默认的参照系，波的传播速度默认以传播介质为参照系。声音在标准大气中传播速度345米/秒，同样存在一个默认的参照系，第一宇宙速度也有默认的参照系，第二宇宙速度、第三宇宙速度等等，只要是物理学上的速度都有默认的参照系，不要认为没有标明参照系的速度就是相对于任何参照系的速度。
在搜狗百科“光速不变性”中，明确指出：“光速不变原理，不是由“联立求解麦克斯韦方程组得到的”，这一点可以在《论动体的电动力学》和《普通物理学1》中看到，这个原理是假设，并至今未被证明”。
1、光是否在真空中速度也是0？因为十九世纪，人们以为太空是真空，所以认为光在真空中需要特别介质，而今天我们知道太空中充满稀薄气体，完全可以充当光介质，而不需要以太。
2、声音有类似性质，是否存在声速相对论？
3、既然假定的条件是真空，那么相对论就只能在真空中适用，而我们现在，没有相对论的适用条件。
以上三条复制于搜狗百科“光速不变性”，这是官方对相对论的态度，官方是公开质疑相对论，质疑相对论不是民科的专利。这些反对质疑相对论的人，其本质是反对科学的，反对质疑相对论的人害怕科学继续进步，他们只想保持科学现状。道高一尺魔高一丈，那些思想保守的，跟不上时代需要的所谓“正统”，不懂水涨船高的道理，等待他们的只有被科学发展的车轮碾压。
音标是学习英语的第一步，想要学好音标需要认识音标、会读音标，这样以后才能认识单词。在学习音标前，我们要先知道国际音标有48个，元音有20个，辅音有28个，元音又分为单元音和双元音，单元音有12个，双元音有8个。
音标数目
在上表中，我们可以看到音标有48个，现在我们常说的国际音标也是48个。
可以点击下面链接学习音标。
《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》
元音部分
辅音部分
音标的分类
最实用的分类方式是：元音=长元音+短元音+双元音；辅音=清辅音+浊辅音。
英语一共有48个国际音标，包括20个元音，28个辅音。
20个元音包括5个长元音：/i:/、/?:/、/u:/、/a:/、/?:/；
7个短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?]；
8个双元音：/e?、/a?/、/??/、/??/、/e?/、/??/、/??/、/a?/；
注意：
1、长元音顾名思义就是发的音比较长而饱满；短元音则发的音比较短而急；
2、双元音就是两个单元音拼在一起，成为组合音。双元音发音的特点是前面的单元音发音长，后面的发音比较短。
28个辅音包括：轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//?//ts//t?//tr//h/
浊辅音/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//dz//d?//dr//r/
鼻音/m//n//?/
半元音/j//w/
边音/?/
发音技巧
长元音
点击这个视频学习长元音发音。《【元音音标（长元音）-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3》
5个长元音/i:/、/?:/、/u:/、/a:/、/?:/发音技巧。
（1）/i:/发音技巧：
发音时舌尖抵下齿，口形扁平。在发音的时候要尽量拉长，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟诗的感觉。
单词举例：bee[bi?]n.蜜蜂；see[si?]v.看见，参看
（2）/?:/发音技巧：
/?:/是长元音，近似于北京腔的“儿”话音，如“花儿”的“儿”。发好这个音，关键在于卷舌！
单词举例：shirt[??:t]n.衬衫,男士衬衫；nurse[n?:s]n.护士,保姆
（3）/u:/发音技巧
发这个音时双唇用力向前突出，有点像拉长了音说“乌”，但要注意，“乌”的口形较扁。
单词举例：moon[mu:n]n.月球,月亮；room[ru?m]n.房间,空间
（4）/a:/发音技巧
发音时口张大，双唇稍收圆。发音时可以照着镜子，说“啊”，看看嘴巴张得够不够大，记得要将嘴巴尽量张大。
单词举例：ask[a:sk]v.问,询问；far[fa:r]adj.远的
（5）/?:/发音技巧
发这个音时，双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出，发音接近于汉语“嗷”。这是个长元音，记住：长元音一定要拉长，发出来才好听。
单词举例：door[d?:r]n.门；short[??:t]adj.短的
短元音
点击这个视频学习短元音发音。《【【英语音标7个短元音/?//?//?//?//?//e//?/怎么读？】-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E》
7个短元音：/i/、/?/、?/?/、/u/、/?/、/e/、/?/
（1）/i/发音技巧
它是个短元音，发音要短促而轻快。
单词举例：big[b?ɡ]adj.大的,庞大的；Fit[fit]v.合身,适合于
（2）/?/发音技巧
发音时舌身平放，双唇扁平。发这个音时不用卷舌。
单词举例：teacher[?ti?t??]n.老师,教师；mother[?m?e?]n.母亲
（3）/?/发音技巧
这是一个短元音，发音一定要短，发音比/?:/短一些，双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出。
单词举例：dog[d?g]n.狗,家伙；hot[h?t]adj.热的,辣的
（4）/u/发音技巧
发音时双唇收圆，稍突出。就像发汉语中的“乌”，但没发完就给打断了一样。
单词举例：book[b?k]n.书,卷；cook[k?k]vt.烹调,煮
（5）/?/发音技巧
发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，唇形稍扁，开口度较大。这个发音有点像发“啊”音时突然被谁卡住了脖子的感觉。
单词举例：brother['br?e?(r)]n.哥哥，弟弟；mother[?m?e?]n.母亲
（6）/e/发音技巧
发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，上下嘴张开的角度大约呈“45度”，同时发出声音。
单词举例：leg[leg]v.?n.?腿,支柱；desk?[desk]n.?书桌
（7）/?/发音技巧
发音时，双唇向两边平伸，张开嘴，嘴唇放松逐渐压低舌头7和下颚，尽可能夸张。
单词举例：bad?[b?d]?：adj.?坏的,不好的；cat?[k?t]?：n.?猫，猫科动物
双元音
点击这个视频学习双元音发音。《【【英语基础】英语国际音标-8个双元音的发音-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl》
8个双元音发音技巧：/e?/、/a?/、/??/、/??/、/e?/、/??/、/??/、/a?/
（1）/e?/发音技巧
该音是个双元音，发音时双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。类似于英文字母“A”。
单词举例：say[sei]?v.说；delay[di?lei]?n.?延迟?
（2）/a?/发音技巧
发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，接近于英文字母中的“I”。
单词举例：ice??[ais]?n.?冰，雪糕；side?[said]n.?面，边
（3）/??/发音技巧
发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。接近于汉语发音“奥一”。
单词举例：oil??[?il]?n.?油，石油；noise?[n??z]?n.?噪音，嘈杂声
（4）/??/发音技巧
发声时，由第一个音[i]向[?]集中，接近于汉语发音“一呃”。
单词举例：fear???[f??r]?：n.?害怕，可能性；dear???[d??r]?：adj.?亲爱的
（5）/e?/发音技巧
接近于汉语发音“哎呃”。
单词举例：bear??[b??]?：n.?熊；wear??[w??]?：vt.?穿着
（6）/??/发音技巧
第一个是“短乌音”/u/，第二个是/?/。类似于汉语发音“屋呃”。
单词举例：sure?[???r]?adj.?确信的，确实的；pure??[pj??r]?adj.?纯的；?单纯的
（7）/??/发音技巧
舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。接近于汉语发音“呃屋”。
单词举例：?flow??[fl?u]?：vi.?流；glow???[ɡl??]?：vi.?发光，灼热
（8）/a?/发音技巧
由第一个音向第二个音滑动，接近于汉语发音“啊屋”。
单词举例：cow?[ka?]?n.?奶牛，乳牛；hour?[a??r]?n.?小时，钟头
辅音
点击这个视频学习辅音发音。《【英语音标（辅音部分），发音规则与技巧！美式发音，地道口语！清辅音，浊辅音！初级，零基础，欢迎新手！-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA》
11个清辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//?//ts//t?//tr//h/
11个浊辅音/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//dz//d?//dr//r/
注意：
清辅音：发音时送气，声带不颤动（颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了）
浊辅音：发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前，纸没有被吹开)，声带颤动。
（1）/p//b/谐音分别为“普”、“卜”，都省去韵母成分
发音方法：/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。
单词举例：/p/：pen[pen]n.钢笔；pin[pin]n.大头针
/b/：bike[baik]n.自行车；beg[beg]v.乞求
（2）/t//d/分别谐音“特”、“得”。
发音方法：/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。
单词举例：/t/：ten[ten]num；test[test]n.试验,考验
/d/：student?[?studnt]?n.学生；date?[de?t]n.日期、日子、约见时间v.注明日期、写上日期
（3）/k//g/分别谐音“可”、“嗝”。
发音方法：发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，声带不要振动；/g/是浊辅音，声带需要振动。
单词举例：/k/：kite[kait]n.风筝；cake[ke?k]n.蛋糕
/g/：glove[ɡl?v]n.手套；girl[ɡ?:l]n.女孩
（4）/f//v/
/f/谐音“府”，/v/就是北方人把W读成V那种感觉。
发音方法：发音前，上齿咬住下嘴唇，然后使气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，从而引起摩擦。
/f/是清辅音，发音时声带不震动；/v/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
单词举例：/f/：flower['fla??r]n.花；fly[flai]vi.飞,飞行
/v/：love[l?v]v.爱；seven[?sev?n]num.七
(5)/θ//e/牙齿轻咬舌尖发出的音
发音方法：发音时，舌尖微微伸出，置于上下门齿之间，舌尖和下齿之间的气流通道非常窄小，气流从舌齿间的窄缝中通过。/θ/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动；/e/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
单词举例：/θ/：three[θri:]num.三；throw[θr??]vi.投掷
/e/：this[e?s]pron.这,这个，这里；mother[?m?e?(r)]n.母亲
(6)/s/谐音“丝”，/z/“zi”
发音方法：发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动。
单词举例：/s/：school[sku:l]n.学校，学院；bus[b?s]n.公共汽车
/z/：please[pli:z]int.请；zoo[zu:]n.动物园
(7)/ts//dz/分别谐音“次”、“自”
发音方法：舌端先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，声带不振动，/dz/是浊辅音，声带振动。
单词举例：/ts/：cats[k?ts]n.猫(cat的名词复数)；hats[h?ts]n.帽子(hat的名词复数)
/dz/：hands[h?ndz]n.手；lands[l?ndz]n.陆地
(8)/tr//dr/分别谐音“戳”、“捉”
发音方法：舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，声带不振动；/dr/是浊辅音，声带振动。
单词举例：/tr/:tree[tri:]n.树，木料；try[tra?]vt.&vi.试图
/dr/：dress[dres]n.连衣裙；drink[dr??k]v.喝酒
(9)/∫//?/分别谐音“诗”、“日”
发音方法：/∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/?/是浊辅音，声带振动。
单词举例：/∫/：English[???gl??]adj.英格兰的；英国的；rubbish[?r?b??]n.垃圾；
/?/：pleasure[?ple??]n.快乐，愉快；casual[?k??u?l]adj意外的，偶然的
（10）/t∫//d?/分别谐音“吃”、“之”
发音方法：发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。/t∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d?/是浊辅音，声带振动。
单词举例：/t∫/：chalk[t??:k]n.粉笔；chair[t?e?r]n.椅子
/d?/：page[pe?d?]n.页；age[e?d?]n.年龄
(11)/h//r/分别谐音“呵”、“若”，省去韵母成分。
发音方法：
发/h/这个音时，嘴半开，气流从口腔不受阻碍而出，声带不振动，清辅音。
发/r/这个音时，舌端上卷，靠近上齿龈附近，嘴唇张开并保持略圆状态，气流从口腔涌出，声带振动，属于浊辅音。
单词举例:/h/：hair[he?(r)]n.头发；hate[he?t]v.恨，厌恶
/r/：sorry['s?r?]v.对不起；write[ra?t]v.写
鼻音
点击这个视频学习鼻音发音。《【（21）鼻音mn?|英语音标发音口型示范|美式发音-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx》
(1)/m/谐音“恩”
发音方法：双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔发出，声带震动。闭口音。
单词举例：major[?me?d??(r)]adj.主要的；time[ta?m]n.时间
(2)/n/谐音“呢”
发音方法：舌尖顶住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流从鼻腔发出，同时声带震动，开口音。
单词举例：nice[na?c]adj.漂亮的；funny[?f?ni]adj.有趣的
(3)/?/谐音“英”，省去声母部分
发音方法：发音时气流从鼻腔涌出，声带振动。
单词举例：think[θ??k]v.想；angel[?e?nd?l]n.天使
边音
点击这个视频学习边音发音。《【真正的国际音标-边音Lateral-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F》
/l/谐音“里”
发音方法：舌尖顶住上齿龈，发音时气流从舌面的两侧通过，声带保持震动，属于浊辅音。
单词举例：light[la?t]n.光线；ball[b?:l]n.球
半元音
点击这个视频学习半元音发音。《【BBC英语其他辅音半元音'w'的发音与'v'的区别国际音标发音｜PronunciationTips34-OtherConsonant-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl》
/j/谐音“耶”
发音方法：发音时声带震动，气流口腔发出。浊辅音，发音口型类似/i/.
单词举例：ye[jes]adv.是的；young[j??]adj.年轻的
/w/谐音“屋”
发音方法：嘴唇张开到刚好可以含住一根吸管的程度，并向前微噘起，但上齿不能接触下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。
单词举例：wish[w??]：v.希望；which[w?t?]：pron.哪一个
学习步骤
抄写
抄写音标，并了解音标特点。
对音标的基本认知
1、区别长短音带“：”的音标发音相对较长不带“：”的音标发音相对较短。
2、区别清辅音和浊辅音核心区别：清辅音声带不震动，浊辅音声带振动。
模仿练习
找合适的视频学习学习跟读。例如b站上《【赖世雄48个英语音标朗读示范，美音英音对照版-哔哩哔哩】【https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3】》、《【李咏梅老师英语（音标部分）——最牛的初中英语老师！没有之一！李咏梅国际音标（完整版发音篇）-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE》、《【纯正英式发音】这是BBC出品的到现在为止最棒的英语发音教程（完整版）-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5》，以上几个视频都非常不错，详细讲解每个音标的读法。注意视频一定至少跟读5遍，才能确保你的学习效果。
也可以通过下面这个视频观察发音口型的变化。
《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》
1、模仿练习，学习国际音标的发音，要注意观察老师的口型，观察发音部位的变化，主动模仿发音，初学可以对着镜子模仿练习，特别是元音发音的舌位高低，口腔开口度大小与音色关系十分密切，可以通过镜子观察口型上的区别，观察舌尖、舌面、舌叶的活动情况，比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等，掌握准确口腔开口度，对于准确发音具有非常重要的意义。
2、听音训练:学习国际音标需要认识48个音标，通过反反复复的听力练习，达到强化记忆。听音训练，如果有条件，可以多听老师朗读音标，也可以使用录音带反复听音，本课件中的每个音素，都可以循环倾听，强化记忆。
3、多动口，动口是加强实践的关键和核心，听音也好，模仿也好，比较也好，最终要归结到自己发音这一目标上来，所以勤动口是掌握国际音标发音的关键。俗话说，"三天不写手生，三天不念口生"，说的就是要加强动手动口能力的培养。因此学习国际音标，要时时加强语音训练，勤动口，反复实践练习，在实践中比较，在实践中体会差别，做到熟能生巧，这样自然就掌握国际音标的发音了。
重点音标讲解
单元音
[i:]=“一”
[?]：[?]开口要比[i:]稍大，注意比较两图口型。
[e]嘴张45°，[?]嘴张90°
[?:r][?r]=“二”
[?]=额（不卷舌）
[?]：开口比“啊”略小
[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”
[ɑ]=“啊”
[?]=开口稍大的“哦”
[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”
[u:]核心：双唇由半开微突，过渡到合嘴圆唇
[?]发成噘嘴的[?],气流向外。
双元音
双元音较简单，大多数可进行类比，注意双元音的重音在第一个音标，即前一个音读的稍重，后一个音读的较轻。
[e?]=“A”
[a?]=“I”
[??]=“O”
[??]=“哦一”
[??]=ear
[e?]=air
[??]=“乌尔”
辅音
大部分辅音跟“汉语拼音”都有相似之处，直接看视频模仿即可，这里只讲解易错发音。
爆破音：
[t][p][k]不要读成[t?][p?][k?]注意：它们声带不震动
摩擦音：
[f][v]咬唇音，注意上齿咬下唇
[θ][e]
上下齿轻咬舌头，发音时能看到你的舌头露出
[?]=不发音的“诗”[?]=“日”
[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“热”[h]=不发音＋舌头平放的“喝”
鼻音
[m]合嘴
[n]舌前部抵住上颚
[?]嘴巴张开
舌侧音[l]
元音前：跟拼音“l”发音一致元音后：发“l”的前半段
半元音
[j]“也”
[w]=圆唇噘嘴的“我”
破擦音
[t?]=不发声的“吃”
[d?]=“居”
[ts]=不发声的“次”
[dz]=“子”
[tr]先发“t”，在发“r”，最后结合在一起
[dr]同上
词汇拼读
1、规划拼读任务，拿出单词书或课本词汇表，找只含1~2个音节的单词拼读，20个为一组，每天练习3组，当然如果有时间，多进行几组也OK，加强效果。后期难度逐渐加大。
2、输入法识别词汇，每拼读一个词汇，都对着X飞输入法的语音识别功能朗读，看能否被输入法识别出单词，用机器来检测是否读的准确。
3、听词汇跟读，不管输入法识别出单词，还是没识别出单词，都要查手机字典，来听一遍听力，并跟读，模仿语调和轻重读音。
例如：Cashdriverapartmentmoneybreakfastlawyeragency
学习计划
1、国际音标，一共48个，每天学4个，12天学完，元音和辅音每天各学习两个。
2、学完以后结合和音标相关的单词，每天坚持读一个小时，第二天要把第一天的一块儿读，第三天要把前两天的一块儿读，依次类推，坚持学完所有的音标，就可以读字典上任何一个单词。
3、长期坚持下去，会发现其实很多字母和音标有着关联，比如ph都发音标f的音，字母u发尖a的音，类似的规律，当大家坚持下来以后会发现很多，同时你甚至可以听到单词的发音就能把单词拼出来，直接就把背单词的问题解决了，音标会读，单词会读，单词会背，听力当然也不再是问题。自己总结出来的规律说明真的学会了，同时自己得出来的结论要比老师直接告诉你印象更深刻，同时最重要的是用起来更容易。
注意事项
1、了解发音要领，模仿老师口型
学习语音，一定要注意口型，并仔细揣摩每个音标的发音要领，特别是相似音标的发音区别。
零基础学员不要以为盯着老师的口型就好了，其实发音很多都是内部器官看不到的，所以需要老师正确的发音示范，跟着老师一起读，然后再加上老师给的一些技巧，继续跟读，老师感觉哪有问题，再帮着纠正，这样一系列过程才是练成标准发音的秘籍。
2、单词拼读实战，一对一纠正错误
养成一口纯正口语最重要的还是练习练习再练习，单词拼读实战训练，巩固你的发音。不断读，不断纠正，训练单个音标到训练多个单词，在学习语音的过程中，再掌握一些基础的词汇。
3、辩音练习，纠正错误，掌握发音规律
训练难度会随着课程的深入不断加强，但还是训练相同的内容，一节课很多类似的训练内容。音标中很多类似的发音，将相似音放在一起对比再练习，舌头和耳朵在这很重要。
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可以对着镜子模仿练习，特别是元音发音的舌位高低，口腔开口度大小与音色关系十分密切，可以通过镜子观察口型上的区别，观察舌尖、舌面、舌叶的活动情况，比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等，掌握准确口腔开口度，对于准确发音具有非常重要的意义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcymdwOWCo6CIGxa2tecRpqyncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、听音训练:学习国际音标需要认识48个音标，通过反反复复的听力练习，达到强化记忆。听音训练，如果有条件，可以多听老师朗读音标，也可以使用录音带反复听音，本课件中的每个音素，都可以循环倾听，强化记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N242dAYGAoY4MIxCel4c7gT7nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、多动口，动口是加强实践的关键和核心，听音也好，模仿也好，比较也好，最终要归结到自己发音这一目标上来，所以勤动口是掌握国际音标发音的关键。俗话说，"三天不写手生，三天不念口生"，说的就是要加强动手动口能力的培养。因此学习国际音标，要时时加强语音训练，勤动口，反复实践练习，在实践中比较，在实践中体会差别，做到熟能生巧，这样自然就掌握国际音标的发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8AGdQweWo6Eq4xwZQpcAzqTnGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点音标讲解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYgkdUaewoSIquxc48NcmqD7nQy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YW4wdUskoocOAwxuatBcuFsWn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[i:]=“一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HgwEd26sEoK8kaxa0MKcjHMRnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：[?]开口要比[i:]稍大，注意比较两图口型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSyYdOwSUo0k2axkAtYc5sddnbB"},,"attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/424933217c51464b98439d52a906dc79","width":313},"text":"","id":"XAeYdY8kMoOcUmx8IcRck6D9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e]嘴张45°，[?]嘴张90°","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeQGdy2Smou2O6xURCZcVp3Lnae"},,"attrs":{"height":145,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6672fd2298724d35a280bead538ac3ae","width":306},"text":"","id":"RmM4dISSQoAMIcxygd5cxr6HnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r][?r]=“二”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSo6dKsSWo2GYcxZjETc9G1GnDG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=额（不卷舌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsmdKmyKoAssoxAzOdc7OWnntg"},,"attrs":{"height":169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23669fa681c94516b68dbd7dfbeacb30","width":287},"text":"","id":"Fo6QduWAwokykix49KRcfCJmnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：开口比“啊”略小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGsmdsW6woUimYxOwpucaftfnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4q6dQqcMo8UY4x6uROcurTungg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yc4mdmGSQow40gxqCAGcOvvinBd"},,"attrs":{"height":158,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a325dcff9bf444c93f02a661b7eb1dc","width":288},"text":"","id":"YI2udUmcEoUO2axUffDc55c0n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ]=“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOUkd82oyoSQK2xGU3Yc38ITngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=开口稍大的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4wdeQqqoy6C6xqo3wc8LQdnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VieGd4caOoI2eIxKk63cHfKcnEh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[,"attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47f4542a00f04f7aae6be6656657cf8c","width":114},"text":"","id":"IE8cdeAC4oMySuxgcAocFfSanZ3"},,"attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},,"attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},,"attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89ec169b38a04ab99190b396206e9400","width":98},"text":"","id":"UyMSdui2WoASQExMfVZcTvLqnrd"}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[u:]核心：双唇由半开微突，过渡到合嘴圆唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]发成噘嘴的[?],气流向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4EUdoaeCoGgg2xA94WcKc7XnVg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGS8duyAEoSGqgxas3DcrumNnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音较简单，大多数可进行类比，注意双元音的重音在第一个音标，即前一个音读的稍重，后一个音读的较轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww4IdocgUoaaeAxYJjwcra66neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=“A”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TciidSSSmoKY6MxOmfycHajin1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[a?]=“I”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyWEdEi4eo0WC4xYBXWcKXKJn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“O”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaqodkkAWoIIwixUvLJciK9Dnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type"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属于美国使馆车牌号。
原因：
根据国际惯例，使馆车牌号的前缀通常代表所属国家或地区的代码。
而以200开头的车牌号是美国的代码。
内容延伸：
除了使馆车牌号，外交车牌号也有类似的规定。
例如，以CD开头的车牌号通常代表外交人员车辆。
此外，不同国家或地区的车牌号码规则也有所不同，需要具体了解。
操作步骤：
无需操作。
www.dy131.com的介绍就聊到这里吧，感谢你花时间阅读本站内容，更多关于爱因斯坦的相对论是如何被验证的到现在全部获得验证了吗、www.dy131.com的信息别忘了在本站进行查找哦。
